文本描述
近些年来,在“大众创业、万众创新”的浪潮下,我国小微企业获得蓬勃发 展,成为我国国民经济发展的重要推动力量。小微企业在推动实体经济发展,增 加就业岗位,提升社会创新水平方面展现出巨大作用。与大中型企业相比,小微 企业的资产规模更小,聘用的人员更少,公司管理水平更低,抵抗风险能力更差, 使得融资难和融资贵成为制约中小企业发展的问题之一。一方面,小微企业资产 规模小,更容易受到经济政策和社会环境变化带来的消极影响,一旦企业经营不 善,企业的信贷违约风险也会大大增加;另一方面,小微企业信贷风险管理难度 更大,需要付出的管理成本也更高。当前,资本市场对企业信贷风险的衡量主要 针对的是中大型企业,这些理论并不适用于小微企业,如何让中小企业也能享受 到国家经济高速发展带来的红利,破解小微企业信贷风险管理难题,成为当前资 本市场和学术界共同关心的研究方向。 本文研究对象选择了兴业银行W分行,对它在小微企业信贷风险管理现状进 行了研究,以期找出其中存在的问题,导致问题的原因,并做出了详细的分析, 提出了改善小微企业信贷业务风险管理水平的针对性建议。本文研究框架十分明 显,六个章节分别代表六个部分。第一部分为绪论,交代本文的研究背景,介绍 了论文的主要内容和框架。第二部分为国内外相关领域学者的研究现状,阐述了 研究的意义。第三部分为现状分析,全面介绍了兴业银行W分行,该银行在小微 信贷业务风险管理的现状,找出了兴业银行W分行当前的小微企业信贷风险主要 有:贷前审查不严、信用评价体系未建立、贷中审查流程有缺陷、贷后监管有缺 位等。并对这些出现的问题进行了原因分析,找到了导致这些现象的原因在于: 与小微企业之间存在信息鸿沟、小微企业信贷人才队伍未建立、风险管理意识和 水平不高、银行体制仍然停留在传统时代,未能跟上当前互联网时代的大背景。 第四部分提出了信贷风险管理优化方案,在第三章分析的基础上,从信贷业务流 程和信贷业务管理两方面对W分行提出了优化建议:应强化对贷款全过程的风险 审查管理、创新小微信贷人员激励约束机制、加强风险组织机制建设、创新金融 产品运用等。第五部分从加强对小微信贷的支持、完善信贷风险文化建设、建立 健全信贷人员培训体系、加强金融科技方面的运用四方面来保障W分行小微企业 信贷风险管理优化方案得以有效贯彻执行。 关键词:小微企业商业银行信贷风险管理 OPTIMIZATIONRESRARCHON CREDITRISKMANAGEMENTAND CONTROLOFSMALLANDMICRO ENTERPRISESINWBRANCHOF INDUSTRIALBANK ABSTRACT Inrecentyears,underthewaveof"massentrepreneurship,massinnovation", smallandmicroenterprisesinChinahavedevelopedvigorouslyandbecomean importantdrivingforceforthedevelopmentofnationaleconomy.Smallandmicro enterprisesplayanimportantroleinpromotingthedevelopmentofrealeconomy, increasingemploymentandimprovingthelevelofsocialinnovationparedwith largeandmedium-sizedenterprises,smallandmicroenterpriseshavesmallerscaleof assets,feweremployees,lowerlevelofcorporatemanagementandmoreabilityto resistrisks,whichmakesfinancingdifficultandexpensiveoneoftheproblems restrictingthedevelopmentofsmallandmedium-sizedenterprises.Ontheonehand, smallandmicroenterpriseshavesmallassetsandaremorevulnerabletothenegative impactofeconomicpoliciesandsocialenvironmentchanges.Oncetheenterprisesare notwellmanaged,theriskofcreditdefaultofenterpriseswillincreasegreatly;onthe otherhand,themanagementofcreditriskofsmallandmicroenterprisesismore difficultandneedstopayhighermanagementcosts.Atpresent,thecapitalmarket's measurementofenterprisecreditriskismainlyaimedatmediumandlarge-scale enterprises.Thesetheoriesarenotapplicabletosmallandmicroenterprises.Howto makesmallandmedium-sizedenterprisesenjoythedividendsbroughtbytherapid developmentofnationaleconomyandsolvethecreditriskmanagementproblemsof smallandmicroenterpriseshasbecometheresearchdirectionofcommonconcernfor thecurrentcapitalmarketandacademia. Thispaperchooseswbranchofindustrialbanktostudyitscreditriskstatusof smallandmicroenterprises,inordertofindouttheexistingproblems,thecausesof theproblems,makeadetailedanalysis,andputforwardtargetedsuggestionsto improvetheriskmanagementlevelofsmallandmicroenterprisecreditbusiness.The researchframeworkofthispaperisveryobvious.Sixchaptersrepresentsixparts respectively.Thefirstpartistheintroduction,whichexplainstheresearch backgroundofthispaper,theresearchstatusofdomesticandforeignscholarsin relatedfields,expoundsthesignificanceoftheresearch,introducesthemaincontent andframeworkofthepaper;thesecondpartisthetheoreticalresearchstatusabout creditriskmanagement,introducingthecreditriskofsmallandmicroenterpriseson thebasisofthemanagementtheoryandtheresearchconclusionsofChineseand Westernscholars;thethirdpartisstatusanalysis,whichcomprehensivelyintroduces thecurrentsituationofWbranchofindustrialbank,thebank'sriskmanagementin smallbusiness.Itwasfoundthatthecurrentcreditriskofsmallandmicroenterprises inWbranchofIndustrialBankmainlyincludes:thelaxpreloanreview,thelackof creditevaluationsystem,thedefectofthereviewprocessinloan,andtheabsenceof postloansupervision.Italsoanalyzesthecausesoftheseproblemsandfindsoutthe reasonsforthesephenomena:thereisaninformationgapwithsmallandmicro enterprises,thecredittalentteamofsmallandmicroenterpriseshasnotbeen established,theawarenessandlevelofriskmanagementisnothigh,thebanking systemisstillinthetraditionalera,andfailstokeepupwiththebackgroundofthe currentInternetera.Thefourthpart,onthebasisofthethirdchapter,combinedwith theactualsituationofWbranch,givestheimprovementsuggestiontosolvethecredit riskmanagementproblemsofsmallandmicroenterprises:strengthenthereview managementofthewholeprocessofloans,innovatetheincentiveandrestraint mechanismofsmallandmicrocreditpersonnel,strengthentheconstructionofrisk organizationmechanism,andinnovatetheuseoffinancialproducts.Thefifthchapter guaranteestheeffectiveimplementationofWbranch'screditriskmanagement programfromfouraspects:providemoresupporttosmallandmicrocreditbusiness, improvingthecreditriskcultureconstruction,establishingandimprovingthecredit personneltrainingsystem,andstrengtheningtheapplicationoffinancialscienceand technology. KEYWORDS:smallandmicroenterprisescommercialbankscreditrisk management 目录 1绪论............................................................................................................1 1.1研究背景与意义..................................................................................................1 1.1.1研究背景......................................................................................................1 1.1.2研究意义......................................................................................................2 1.2研究内容..............................................................................................................2 1.3研究方法..............................................................................................................3 1.4研究思路..............................................................................................................4 1.5国内外研究综述..................................................................................................5 1.5.1国内研究现状..............................................................................................5 1.5.2国外研究现状..............................................................................................7 1.5.3研究述评.....................................................................................................8 1.6可能的创新之处..................................................................................................8 2小微企业信贷风险管理理论基础...........................................................9 2.1小微企业的界定及特点......................................................................................9 2.2小微企业信贷特征............................................................................................10 2.3小微企业信贷风险成因....................................................................................11 2.3.1信息不对称理论........................................................................................11 2.3.2内部控制理论............................................................................................11 2.3.3信贷配给理论............................................................................................12 2.4全面风险管理(ERM).............................