iii 摘要 经历了多年的发展，信托行业已经成为我国多元化金融体系的关键部分。近 年来，受宏观经济稳中有降、资本市场波动加大等因素影响，在去通道、压规模、 告别粗放增长的要求下，在基础产业业务和房地产业务难度加大的行业背景下， A信托公司当前亟待业务转型。出于结构完整、利润增长、分散风险、长期发展 等方面的需要，A信托公司拟进入消费金融领域。由于A信托公司尚未形成完善 的针对消费金融业务的风控体系，故本文的研究有一定的理论和实际意义。 本文第一章是导论，主要介绍了选题背景与意义、研究内容与方法以及创新 点；第二章是理论基础与文献综述，理论基础部分介绍了金融创新理论、信贷风 险管理理论和全面风险管理理论，文献综述部分介绍了古今中外研究消费金融、 消费金融风险管理的文献及相关的法律法规、政策，并进行了文献评述；第三章 是信托行业消费金融发展现状，主要介绍了消费金融业务及风险点、发展历程、 竞争格局、现状及发展空间；第四、五章是本文的核心章节，其中第四章分析了 A信托公司的现状、开展消费金融业务的必要性、目前的风险管理架构和方法与 消费金融业务存在匹配性的问题；第五章介绍了A信托公司开展消费金融业务面 临的风险，并通过调查问卷的方式，了解了包括3家商业银行、5家持牌消费金 融公司、5家融资租赁公司、4家互联网平台、4家信托公司，共21家有开展消 费金融业务经验的同业机构在风险识别、增信措施、贷后风控、内部控制与组织 架构方面的做法与经验，并与A信托公司做了对比；第六章根据前文的分析和研 究，对A信托公司开展消费金融业务风险管理方面提出了建议，认为A信托公司 应当开展有消费场景的助贷业务、根据业务类型选择不同的增信措施组合、应用 电子风险审查系统、应用电子运营清算系统、优化消费金融配套组织架构、优化 消费金融业务流程、优化消费金融业务配套风险管理制度；第七章是结论与展望。 本文的创新点主要在于通过对A信托公司从事消费金融业务的风险管理的 研究，对于信托行业的转型与发展具有创新意义，对于A信托公司的风险管理具 有创新意义。 关键词：信托；消费金融；风险管理 北京交通大学硕士专业学位论文 摘要 iv ABSTRACT After years of development, trust industry has become a key part of China's diversified financial system. In recent years, influenced by the stable and declining macro economy, increasing volatility of capital market and other factors, under the requirements of channel removal, scale reduction and farewell to extensive growth, under the industry background of increasing difficulty in basic industry business and real estate business, X trust company is in urgent need of business transformation. For the needs of structural integrity, profit growth, risk diversification and long-term development, X trust company intends to enter the field of consumer finance. As X trust company has not formed a perfect risk control system for consumer finance business, the research of this paper has certain theoretical and practical significance. The first chapter is the introduction, which mainly introduces the background and significance of the topic, research contents and methods, as well as innovation points; the second chapter is the theoretical basis and literature review, the theoretical basis part introduces the financial innovation theory, credit risk management theory and comprehensive risk management theory, the literature review part introduces the literature of research on consumer finance and consumer financial risk management since they were put forward, as well as relevant laws and regulations. The third chapter is the current situation and risk of consumer finance business, mainly introduces the consumer finance business and risk points, development process, competition pattern, current situation and development space, and briefly describes the development history and mode of trust companies engaged in consumer finance; the fourth and fifth chapters are the core chapters of this paper. The fourth chapter introduces the current situation of X trust company, the necessity of carrying out consumer finance business and the elements lacking in carrying out consumer finance business at present; chapter five introduces the risks faced by X trust company in carrying out consumer finance business, and through the way of questionnaire, learns the practices and experience of 21 peer institutions with experience in consumer finance business, including 3 commercial banks, 5 licensed consumer finance companies, 5 financial leasing companies, 4 Internet platforms, 4 trust companies, in risk identification, credit enhancement measures, post loan risk control, internal control and organizational structure, and compared them with X trust company. In 北京交通大学硕士专业学位论文 摘要 v Chapter 6, based on the analysis and research above, the author puts forward some suggestions on the risk management of X trust company's consumer finance business, and believes that X trust company should carry out loan assistance business with consumption scenarios, select different credit enhancement measures combinations according to business types, apply electronic risk review system, apply electronic operation and clearing system, optimize the supporting organizational structure of consumer finance, optimize the business process of consumer finance, and optimize the supporting risk management system of consumer finance. The seventh chapter is conclusion and prospect. The innovation of this paper mainly lies in the research on the risk management of X trust company engaging in consumer finance business, which is of innovative significance for the transformation and development of the trust industry, and for the risk management of X trust company. . Key words: Trust；Consumer Finance；Risk Management 北京交通大学硕士专业学位论文 目录 VI 目录 摘要 ............................................................. iii ABSTRACT .......................................................... iv 目录 .............................................................. VI 1 导论 ............................................................ 1 1.1 选题背景与意义............................................. 1 1.1.1 选题背景............................................. 1 1.1.2 研究意义............................................. 3 1.2 研究内容与方法............................................. 4 1.2.1 研究内容............................................. 4 1.2.2 研究方法............................................. 5 1.3 创新点..................................................... 5 2 理论基础与文献综述 .............................................. 7 2.1 理论基础................................................... 7 2.1.1 金融创新理论......................................... 7 2.1.2 信贷风险管理理论..................................... 7 2.1.3 全面风险管理理论..................................... 8 2.2 研究综述................................................... 9 2.2.1 消费金融............................................. 9 2.2.2 消费金融风险管理.................................... 12 2.2.3 信托公司开展消费金融业务的法律及政策................ 14 2.2.4 文献评述............................................ 15 3 信托行业消费金融发展现状 ....................................... 16 3.1 发展特征.................................................. 16 3.1.1 信托公司消费金融业务发展情况........................ 16 3.1.2 国内消费金融行业发展现状............................ 16 3.1.3 消费金融行业的发展空间.............................. 18 3.2 业务模式.................................................. 19 3.3 风险种类.................................................. 21 北京交通大学硕士专业学位论文 目录 VII 3.4 本章小结.................................................. 24 4 A信托公司风险管理现状与消费金融业务的匹配性分析 ............... 25 4.1 公司背景.................................................. 25 4.1.1 公司简介............................................ 25 4.1.2 A信托公司目前与消费金融相关的业务模式 .............. 25 4.2 开展消费金融业务的必要性.................................. 27 4.2.1 业务结构完整的需要.................................. 27 4.2.2 利润增长的需要...................................... 27 4.2.3 分散风险的需要...................................... 27 4.2.4 长期发展的需要...................................... 28 4.3 A信托公司风险管理现状 ....................