企业设立的目的是为了盈利和创造价值，因此必须要开展经营活动，一切经营活 动都离不开资本的支持，企业所有经营活动与营运资金管理密切相关。对企业营运资 金进行管理的本质，即是对企业经营、投资和筹资活动所需资金的管理。营运资金管 理效率决定了企业是否能够持续运转，即企业的资金筹集与资源投入能否通过经营活 动持续，其影响因素有环境因素和内部管理因素。外部环境是不可控的，企业处于被 动接受适应方，应时刻注意宏观政策环境、上游供应商动态、下游客户喜好等不可预 料和控制的因素，及时调整营运资金投入方向来规避风险。内部管理因素是企业可以 自主掌控和改变的。营运资金的结构组成、公司治理架构、资金管理制度、商业模式 和信息化水平，均会对营运资金的使用效率、企业财务风险规避产生影响。 L 宾馆以酒店服务业为主，如何实现酒店价值最大化，助推企业稳定健康发展，规 避内外部环境因素带来的风险，是酒店管理者应时刻关注的内容。本文首先梳理了国 内外营运资金研究成果，介绍营运资金相关理论，其次通过文献分析和访谈调研了解 了 L 宾馆的基本情况及营运资金管理方面的现状，对其流动资产和流动负债的要素进 行详细叙述，再次通过公式计算了评价指标，分析了营运资金管理中存在的问题，从 企业治理、内部控制制度建设、财务管理等多维度探索原因，并有针对性的提出改进 措施，为 L 宾馆未来的经营发展提供参考，也对探讨同类型国有中小型酒店企业经营 中的共性问题提供借鉴。 关键词：酒店服务业；营运资金管理；企业管理；内部控制河南财经政法大学硕士学位论文 II Abstract The purpose of the establishment of enterprises is to make profits and create value, so it must carry out business activities, all business activities are inseparable from the support of capital, all economic activities of enterprises and working capital management is closely related. Operation, investment, financing, is the economic activity of the three vehicles, but also the enterprise working capital management content. The efficiency of working capital management determines whether an enterprise can continue to operate, that is, whether its fund raising and resource input can be sustained through operating activities. The influencing factors include environmental factors and internal management factors. The external environment is uncontrollable, and the enterprise is in a passive position to accept and adapt. It should always pay attention to the unpredictable and controlled factors such as macro policy environment, upstream supplier dynamics, and downstream customer preferences, and timely adjust the direction of working capital investment to avoid risks. The internal management factor is the enterprise can control and change independently. The structure composition of working capital, corporate governance structure, capital management system, business model and information level will all have an impact on the use efficiency of working capital and the avoidance of financial risks.. L hotel mainly focuses on the hotel service industry. How to maximize the value of the hotel,and avoid the risks brought by internal and external environmental factors are the contents that hotel managers should pay close attention to at all times. This paper firstly combed the domestic and foreign research achievements of working capital, introduces the relevant theories of working capital, secondly through literature analysis and interviews survey to know the basic situation of L hotel， and the present situation of the management of working capital, elements of its current assets and current liabilities detailing, analyzes the problems existing in the management of working capital again, from the angles such as financial management and corporate governance to explore the reasons, and put forward improvement measures, targeted to provide advice, to provide reference for L hotel management and development in the future, and to explore the same type of state-owned河南财经政法大学硕士学位论文 III small and medium-sized hotel common problems of enterprise management, to provide reference. Key words: Hospitality industry; Working Capital Management ； The enterprise management；Internal control system河南财经政法大学硕士学位论文 IV 目录 摘要 ...............................................................................................................................................................I Abstract .........................................................................................................................................................II 1 引言 ............................................................................................................................................................1 1.1 研究背景.........................................................................................................................................1 1.2 研究意义.........................................................................................................................................2 1.2.1 理论意义.............................................................................................................................2 1.2.2 实际意义.............................................................................................................................2 1.3 国内外研究文献综述.....................................................................................................................3 1.3.1 国外文献综述.....................................................................................................................3 1.3.2 国内文献综述.....................................................................................................................4 1.4 调研过程设计.................................................................................................................................7 1.4.1 调研对象.............................................................................................................................7 1.4.2 调研内容.............................................................................................................................7 1.4.3 调研方法.............................................................................................................................7 2 相关理论概述.............................................................................................................................................9 2.1 相关概念.........................................................................................................................................9 2.1.1 营运资金.............................................................................................................................9 2.1.2 营运资金管理.....................................................................................................................9 2.2 营运资金管理理论.......................................................................................................................10 2.2.1 要素管理...........................................................................................................................10 2.2.2 渠道管理...........................................................................................................................11 2.2.3 筹资管理...........................................................................................................................11 2.2.4 绩效评价...........................................................................................................................12 3 L 宾馆营运资金管理现状分析...............................................................................................................14 3.1 L 宾馆营运资金管理基本情况...................................................................................................14 3.1.1 L 宾馆简介.......................................................................................................................14 3.1.2 规模与结构.......................................................................................................................14 3.1.3 经营情况及财务状况.......................................................................................................16 3.1.4 L 宾馆营运资金管理制度...............................................................................................18 3.2 L 宾馆营运资金管理现状...........................................................................................................19 3.2.1 货币资金管理现状...........................................................................................................19 3.2.2 存货管理现状...................................................................................................................19 3.2.3 应收账款管理现状...........................................................................................................20 3.2.4 应付账款管理现状...........................................................................................................20 4.L 宾馆营运资金管理问题分析...............................................................................................................21 4.1 流动资产运营管理低效...............................................................................................................21 4.1.1 现金管理混乱...................................................................................................................21 4.1.2 应收账款周期长...............................................................................................................22 4.1.3 存货运营质量低...............................................................................................................23河南财经政法大学硕士学位论文 V 4.2 流动负债结构单一.......................................................................................................................24 4.3 预算管理弱化...............................................................................................................................27 4.4 绩效评价指标落后.......................................................................................................................28 5.L 宾馆营运资金管理问题成因分析.......................................................................................................30 5.1 管理层绩效管理意识淡薄...........................................................................................................30 5.2 营运资金管理制度落后...............................................................................................................30 5.3 忽视维护客户关系.......................................................................................................................31 5.4 忽视采购成本控制.......................................................................................................................32 6 L 宾馆营运资金管理改进措施...............................................................................................................33 6.1 提升管理者管理能力...................................................................................................................33 6.2 实行资金预算制度.......................................................................................................................33 6.3 建立健全内部控制.......................................................................................................................34 6.4 提高营运资金使用效率...............................................................................................................36 6.4.1 加强货币资金的管理.......................................................................................................36 6.4.2 加强应收账款的管理.......................................................................................................36 6.4.3 加强存货管理...................................................................................................................36 6.4.4 加强应付账款管理...........................................................................................................37 6.5 加强与利益相关者的合作共赢...................................................................................................37 结论 .............................................................................................................................................................40 致谢 .............................................................................................................................................................41。。。。。。以下内容略