随着城市的快速发展、机动车的迅速增加，城市交通拥堵日益严重。在城市内部新 建或拓宽道路，缓解城市交通矛盾，已对城市用地提出严峻考验。利用先进的交通管理 手段，提高城市道路路网容量，成为社会关注的焦点。单向交通，在我国城市交通管理 中逐步发挥重要作用，同时在实施过程中引发了一系列值得我们探究和深思的问题，实 施单向交通的可行性就是其中之一。我国城市历史悠久，与国外发达城市路网特征不尽 相同，而如何在我国棋盘式路网内大范围实施单向交通值得研究，对缓解城市交通拥堵 具有十分重要的意义。 本文在深入总结一般条件下单向交通的实施条件、优缺点的基础上，考虑了棋盘式 路网的主要特点：节点多而复杂，从节点的复杂性、信号控制、通行能力、延误及转向 需求五方面，分析了城市道路实施单向交通后对道路节点的影响；从整体性分析区域节 点的组合设计，探究对区域交通效率的影响；借鉴国外成功经验，结合我国城市演变特 点，提出了适合我国国情的大范围实施单向交通的条件与原则。 本文探究在棋盘式路网内大范围实施单向交通组织的条件，建立了基于信号控制与 单向交通结合的区域交通运输效率优化模型。在此过程中，剖析了单向交通对道路节点 的影响，力图借鉴国外成功经验，结合我国城市特征，探究我国棋盘式路网实施单向交 通的可行性，形成缓解城市交通拥堵行之有效的途径。 关键词：单向交通、棋盘式路网、道路节点、区域通行能力、实施条件ii Abstract With the rapid development of cities and the rapid increase of motor vehicles, urban traffic congestion is becoming increasingly serious.New or widen the road within the city to ease urban traffic contradictions, has put forward the severe test of the urban land. The advanced traffic management tools to improve the urban road network capacity has become the focus of attention. One-way traffic is playing an important role in China's urban traffic management gradually, at the same time, triggered a series worthy of our inquiry and reflection problems in the implementation process, and the implementation of one-way traffic feasibility is one of them. Our cities have a long history and are different with the characteristics of developed foreign urban road network, and how the Chinese chessboard type road network in large area to implement one-way traffic is worth studying, and has very important significance to alleviate the city traffic congestion Thepaper considers the main features of the checkerboard road network are many and complex on the basis of summing up the advantages and disadvantages of one-way traffic conditions based on general conditions, and analyzes of the impact of one-way traffic to the road node from the node complexity, signal control, capacity, delay and turning in five areas. By the combination of design from a holistic analysis of regional nodes, explore the impact of the regional transport efficiency. Learning from the successful experience of foreign countries and combined with the evolution of China's urban reminding, proposesuitable for China's national conditions a wide range of conditions and principles for the implementation of one-way traffic. Thepaper explores the conditions of the one-way traffic organization in the checkerboard road network within the large-scale implementation and establishes the regional transportation efficiency evaluation model based on signal control with one-way traffic. In this process, analyzed the impact of the one-way traffic on the road node, trying to learn from the successful experience of foreign countries, combined with China's urban characteristics, explore the feasibility of our the checkerboard road network implementation of effective way to alleviate urban traffic congestion. Keywords: one-way traffic, checkerboard road network, road node, regional capacity,conditions for implementationiii 目 录 第一章 绪论............................................................................................................................1 1.1 研究背景及意义 ...........................................................................................................1 1.2 国内外研究及实施概况 ...............................................................................................2 1.2.1 国外研究及实施概况 .........................................................................................2 1.2.2 国内研究及实施概况 .........................................................................................3 1.3 研究内容 .......................................................................................................................4 第二章 单向交通理论............................................................................................................6 2.1 单向交通的定义与类型 ...............................................................................................6 2.1.1 单向交通的定义 .................................................................................................6 2.1.2 单向交通的类型 .................................................................................................6 2.2 实施单向交通的基本条件 ...........................................................................................7 2.2.1 路网条件 .............................................................................................................7 2.2.2 路段条件 .............................................................................................................7 2.2.3 交通条件 .............................................................................................................7 2.2.4 节点条件 .............................................................................................................7 2.3 单向交通的优缺点 .......................................................................................................7 2.3.1 单向交通的优点 .................................................................................................7 2.3.2 单向交通的缺点 .................................................................................................8 2.4 小结 ...............................................................................................................................8 第三章 城市道路单节点分析................................................................................................9 3.1 城市道路节点类型 .......................................................................................................9 3.1.1 无信号灯控制平交节点 .....................................................................................9 3.1.2 信号灯控制平交节点 .........................................................................................9 3.1.3 平面环行节点 ...................................................................................................10 3.1.4 立体交叉节点 ...................................................................................................10 3.2 城市道路节点复杂性分析： .....................................................................................10 3.3 城市道路节点信号控制分析 .....................................................................................14 3.3.1 点控制基本参数及配时方法 ...........................................................................15 3.3.2 点控制的配时方法 ...........................................................................................16iv 3.3.3 单向交通条件下的单点信号配时分析........................................................... 17 3.3.4.平面环形节点信号控制................................................................................... 20 3.4 城市道路节点通行能力分析..................................................................................... 21 3.4.1 信号灯控制平交节点....................................................................................... 21 3.4.2 平面环行节点................................................................................................... 24 3.4.3 立体交叉节点................................................................................................... 25 3.4.4 单向交通下道路节点通行能力分析............................................................... 27 3.5 城市道路节点延误分析............................................................................................. 30 3.5.1 信号控制节点延误........................................................................................... 30 3.5.2 主路优先控制节点延误................................................................................... 31 3.5.3 平面环形节点延误........................................................................................... 31 3.5.4 全无控制节点延误........................................................................................... 32 3.5.5 单向交通下道路节点延误分析....................................................................... 32 3.6 节点转向需求分析..................................................................................................... 33 3.7 城市道路单节点综合分析......................................................................................... 34 3.8 小结............................................................................................................................. 35 第四章 城市路网区域节点分析.......................................................................................... 36 4.1 区域节点转向需求分析............................................................................................. 36 4.2 区域信号控制............................................................................................................. 38 4.2.1 线控制基本参数及控制................................................................................... 38 4.2.2 单向交通条件下干道节点交通信号联动控制............................................... 39 4.2.3 城市适应性交通信号控制系统....................................................................... 40 4.3 区域运输效率优化模型............................................................................................. 40 4.3.1.区域路网模型................................................................................................... 40 4.3.2.运输效率优化模型........................................................................................... 40 4.3.3.混合粒子群算法............................................................................................... 42 4.3.4 算例分析........................................................................................................... 43 4.4 小结............................................................................................................................. 44 第五章 城市棋盘式路网实施单向交通的条件分析.......................................................... 45 5.1 城市路网的基本形式................................................................................................. 45 5.1.1 城市路网形式................................................................................................... 45 5.1.2 城市道路等级................................................................................................... 46v 5.2 城市路网的基本参数 .................................................................................................47 5.3 基于城市路网的单向交通组织类型 .........................................................................48 5.4 华盛顿、曼哈顿城市路网特征 .................................................................................49 5.4.1 曼哈顿路网分析 ...............................................................................................49 5.4.2 华盛顿路网分析 ...............................................................................................51 5.4.3 国外经验总结 ...................................................................................................52 5.5 国内棋盘式路网实施单向交通的条件、原则、流程 .............................................53 5.5.1 国内棋盘式道路网的发展 ...............................................................................53 5.5.2 棋盘式路网实施单向交通的条件 ...................................................................53 5.5.3 指导原则 ...........................................................................................................55 5.5.4 规划流程 ...........................................................................................................55 5.6 小结 .............................................................................................................................56 第六章 实例分析..................................................................................................................57 6.1 西安市道路网结构分析 .............................................................................................57 6.1.1 道路网整体规模 ...............................................................................................57 6.1.2 道路网密度 .......................................................................................................58 6.1.3 路网连结度指数 ...............................................................................................58 6.2 西安市城市用地分析 .................................................................................................58 6.3 西安市火车站区域单向交通组织设计 .....................................................................59 6.3.1 火车站区域概述 ...............................................................................................59 6.3.2 火车站区域土地利用分析 ...............................................................................59 6.3.3 火车站区域交通调查 .......................................................................................59 6.3.4 火车站区域单向交通设计方案 .......................................................................61 6.3.5 火车站区域单向交通实施效果分析 ...............................................................63 6.4 小结 .............................................................................................................................64 结论与展望..............................................................................................................................65