稠油油藏热采的主要方法目前包括蒸汽吞吐、蒸汽驱、火烧油层、热水驱等， 它们利用的主要原理是原油粘度对温度具有极高的敏感性。随着原油所在环境温度 的升高，其粘度会极大地降低，且油相粘度越大，这种下降趋势越显著，原油流动 性获得改善，使在地层中的稠油在现有技术条件下能够被采出。本课题主要利用水 蒸汽的热力学原理，通过调研相关热力学研究人员的研究结果，比较和分析相关研 究成果与扶余油田实际差异，根据室内物理模拟和数值模拟结果指导现场试验，结 合室内实验和现场试验结果评价扶余油田热采可行性。 本文分析了扶余油田探 91 区块油藏构造特征、储层特征、地层流体特征，并以 此为基础，深入开展地层剩余油分布分析。在地质研究的基础上通过三维地质建模、 等时地质模型、水驱生产动态历史拟合研究试验区的剩余油分布规律。从纵向来看， 在常规水驱过程中，由于油水的密度差异形成的重力分异作用，使得注入水易于驱 替油层中下部原油，从而使得在数值模拟历史拟合结束时刻，油藏中下部剩余油相 对贫瘠，而上部的原油被动用量少；从横向来看，在井网控制程度相对较差的井间 部位，剩余油相对富集；在井网控制程度相对较好的区域，剩余油相对较少。另外， 在并网不完善的边部或断层附近，也是剩余油富集的地方。 针对探 91 区块，在室内开展了油藏精细静态描述研究、剩余油分布定量化研究、 油藏原油粘度特征再认识、注入水冷伤害研究、蒸汽吞吐伤害研究、储层热物性研 究、岩石渗流物理特征研究、驱油效率实验。现场试验已实施 289 口蒸汽吞吐，提 高了稠油区的整体开发水平，区块产油量、采油速度明显上升，含水大幅度下降， 在试验期期间，累积产液：1150t--2000t；日产油：140t--500t；含水率：92%---75%； 采油速度：0.5%---2.5%；在试验的基础上进一步开展了集团注气，结果显示，64 口 生产井的总注汽量 76100 方，平均单井注汽量 1200 方，注汽强度平均 65 方/米。按 实际生产天数统计，54 口抽油井累积实际生产 3154 天，累计产油 6022 吨，累计增 产原油 4027 吨，平均单井增油 74.6t，平均单井日产油 1.9t，平均含水 81.6%，取得 了较好的效果。 关键词：蒸汽吞吐，类稠油，油藏描述，采收率，粘度东北石油大学工程硕士专业学位报告 IV The Study and Test of Thermal Recovery Feasibility in Fuyu Oilfield ABSTRACT The main methods of thermal recovery of heavy oil reservoirs currently include cyclic steam stimulation, steam flooding, fire reservoir, water flooding, etc. The main principle is that they use crude oil viscosity on temperature with high sensitivity. With crude oil where the ambient temperature, the viscosity will be greatly reduced. And the greater the viscosity of the oil phase, this decline more significant. Crude liquidity improved, so that in the formation of heavy oil under the existing technical conditions to be taken out. This topic mainly water vapor thermodynamic principles by studying the results of research related to thermodynamics researchers to compare and analyze relevant research results and Fuyu oilfield real difference. According to the guidance of the field test physical simulation and numerical simulation results. Combined with the results of laboratory experiments and field tests evaluate the feasibility of thermal recovery of Fuyu oilfield. This paper analyzes the T91 exploration blocks Fuyu oilfield reservoir structural characteristics, reservoir characteristics, formation fluid characteristics. And on this basis, in-depth analysis of the formation of remaining oil distribution. On the basis of geological research on three-dimensional geological modeling, geological model, waterflood production history matching dynamic distribution test area remaining oil isochronous. From the vertical perspective, in the conventional waterflooding process, due to differences in water density gravity formed differentiation, so that the lower portion of the injected water is easy to drive crude oil for the oil layer. So that in the end time simulation history matching, the lower part of the reservoir remaining oil relatively barren, while the upper part of the crude oil with less passive. From the lateral view, between the well network is relatively poor degree of control over parts of the well, and the remaining oil relatively rich. Well degree of control over the area is relatively good, relatively few remaining oil. In addition, the place in the vicinity of the fault and network edge or imperfect is remaining oil-rich areas. For T91 blocks, carried out in indoor static reservoir fine description of research, quantitative research the remaining oil distribution, reservoir oil viscosity characteristics Rethinking, water damage research injection, steam soak injury research, study thermal东北石油大学工程硕士专业学位报告 V properties of reservoir rock seepage physical characteristics of oil displacement efficiency experiment. Field tests have been implemented 289 steam stimulation, improve the overall development level of heavy oil area. Block oil production, oil production rate increased significantly, a significant decline in water. During the test period, the cumulative fluid production 1150t - 2000t, daily oil production 140t - 500t, the moisture content of 92% --- 75%, oil production rate of 0.5% --- 2.5%. On the basis of tests carried out on the group gas injection. The results showed that the total amount of 64 steam injection production wells 76100 square, the average single well steam injection 1200 square steam injection intensity average 65 square / meter. The actual number of days of production statistics, 54 pumping wells cumulative actual production 3154 days, the cumulative oil production 6,022 tons, 4,027 tons of crude cumulative increase, the average single well increasing oil 74.6t, the average single well daily oil production 1.9t, average moisture content of 81.6%, which achieved good results. Keywords: steam stimulation, analogous heavy oil, reservoir characterization, oil recovery, viscosity东北石油大学工程硕士专业学位报告 VI 创新点摘要 (1)通过油藏精细描述技术、物理模拟技术、数值模拟技术、复杂井网优化技术， 指导现场试验与方案部署，形成了采油工程配套技术、注汽参数优化技术等具有扶 余特色的热采技术，达到工业化应用水平。 (2)分析了扶余油田探 91 区块油藏构造特征、储层特征、地层流体特征，并以此 为基础，深入开展地层剩余油分布分析。东北石油大学工程硕士专业学位报告 VII 目 录 摘要................................................................................................................................ III ABSTRACT ....................................................................................................................... IV 创新点摘要........................................................................................................................VI 第一章 绪论........................................................................................................................ 1 1.1 研究目的与意义 ................................................................................................... 1 1.2 稠油技术发展现状 ............................................................................................... 2 1.3 注蒸汽开采技术 ................................................................................................... 2 1.4 生产管理指标 ....................................................................................................... 3 1.4.1 经济效益指标 ............................................................................................. 3 1.4.2 评价指标相互关系分析 ............................................................................ 3 1.5 开发评价指标分类 ............................................................................................... 4 1.5.1 开发技术指标 ............................................................................................ 4 1.5.2 开发评价指标筛选 .................................................................................... 5 1.6 研究内容 ............................................................................................................... 5 1.7 技术路线 ............................................................................................................... 5 第二章 油田基本情况........................................................................................................ 6 2.1 自然地理条件 ....................................................................................................... 6 2.2 基本地质概况 ....................................................................................................... 6 2.2.1 区域构造位置 ............................................................................................ 6 2.2.2 构造特征 .................................................................................................... 7 2.2.3 储层特征 .................................................................................................... 9 2.2.4 储量资源状况 ...........................................................................................11 2.3 油田开发简况 ......................................................................................................11 2.3.1 开发简况 ...................................................................................................11 2.3.2 开发现状 .................................................................................................. 17 2.4 存在主要问题 ..................................................................................................... 17 2.4.1 水井井况差的问题 .................................................................................. 17 2.4.2 井网不适应的问题 .................................................................................. 17 2.4.3 无效水循环的问题 .................................................................................. 18 2.4.4 “类稠油”开发效果差的问题 .............................................................. 20 第三章 前期技术准备及技术路线.................................................................................. 22 3.1 调整前存在主要问题 ......................................................................................... 22东北石油大学工程硕士专业学位报告 VIII 3.1.1 井况差 ...................................................................................................... 22 3.1.2 分注状况差 .............................................................................................. 23 3.1.3 注采井网不适应 ...................................................................................... 23 3.1.4 地面系统老化严重 .................................................................................. 24 3.2 扶余油田二次开发前井网调整进展 ................................................................. 25 3.3 扶余油田二次开发总战略 ................................................................................. 25 3.4 扶余油田二次开发阶段进展 .............................................................................. 25 3.4.1 完成工作量 .............................................................................................. 25 3.4.2 取得主要成果 .......................................................................................... 26 3.5 精细油藏描述技术 ............................................................................................. 27 3.5.1 精细构造研究技术 .................................................................................. 27 3.5.2 精细储层描述技术 .................................................................................. 28 3.5.3 油品性质研究技术 .................................................................................. 30 3.5.4 剩余油研究技术 ...................................................................................... 31 3.6 井网井况调整治理技术 ..................................................................................... 33 3.6.1 井网优化设计技术 .................................................................................. 33 3.6.2 钻采工程配套技术 .................................................................................. 35 3.6.3 井况治理技术 .......................................................................................... 41 3.7 “类稠油”开发技术 ......................................................................................... 45 3.7.1 蒸汽吞吐 .................................................................................................. 45 3.7.2 蒸汽驱 ...................................................................................................... 47 第四章 热采可行性研究与试验...................................................................................... 49 4.1 技术提出 ............................................................................................................. 49 4.2 技术思路 ............................................................................................................. 49 4.3 技术攻关 ............................................................................................................. 50 4.3.1 油藏精细描述技术 .................................................................................. 50 4.3.2 物理模拟技术 .......................................................................................... 57 4.3.3 数值模拟技术 .......................................................................................... 60 4.4 蒸汽吞吐热采试验 ............................................................................................. 63 4.4.1 区块概况 .................................................................................................. 63 4.4.2 单井试验 .................................................................................................. 65 4.4.3 井位部署 .................................................................................................. 66 4.4.4 试验效果 .................................................................................................. 67 蒸汽吞吐特征.......................................................................................... 68 方案部署.................................................................................................. 68 4.4.5 4.4.6东北石油大学工程硕士专业学位报告 IX 4.5 集团注汽施工 ..................................................................................................... 75 4.5.1 2011 年集团注汽的总结认识 .................................................................. 75 4.5.2 集团注汽方式确定 .................................................................................. 76 4.5.3 选区 .......................................................................................................... 76 4.5.4 总体部署及施工要求 .............................................................................. 76 4.5.5 集团注汽效果分析与评价 ...................................................................... 76 第五章 结论...................................................................................................................... 87