摘要 随着大数据应用与新产品服务的普及，人类将进入“大数据”时代。和自然资源、 人力资源一样，大数据逐渐成为企业重要的资产，被誉为下一个“管理革命”，越来越 多的人认为大数据能力将成为企业未来核心竞争力。目前关于大数据能力的研究刚刚 起步，国内外学者大多遵循 IT 信息能力的研究思路，基于资源基础理论和动态能力 理论，对大数据能力的定义和价值创造进行研究。纵观文献，前人对于“大数据能力” 的理解相对抽象和宽泛，维度识别判定差异较大，虽然已有部分学者从经济、营销、 组织等角度对大数据能力的价值创造机制的进行探索，但整体研究的深度和广度还不 够。所以，探究企业大数据能力含义，以及它如何作为企业的核心能力，为企业创造 价值，都具有重要的理论意义和现实意义。 在此背景下，本研究借鉴国内外文献，基于企业能力理论，对“大数据能力”进行 重新的定义与维度的划分。之后，引入组织学习作为中介变量，实证研究大数据能力 对企业创新绩效作用的内在机理。 本研究采用问卷调查法，运用 SPSS 22.0 和 AMOS 22.0 对 131 份有效问卷进行描 述性统计分析、信效度分析、相关性分析，路径分析和层级回归中介检验。 主要结论有：（1）大数据能力是由多子维度构成的能力体系，可分为大数据分析 能力、大数据融合能力和大数据战略协作能力。（2）大数据能力与企业创新绩效存在 显著的正向相关关系，其中，大数据分析能力和大数据战略支持能力与创新绩效存在 显著正向关系得到实证数据支持；大数据融合能力与创新绩效之间的正向关系未能得 到实证数据的支持。（3）大数据能力与组织学习存在显著的正向相关关系。（4）组织 学习与企业创新绩效存在显著的正向相关关系。（5）组织学习在大数据能力与创新绩 效之间起到部分中介作用。 最后，根据研究结论，文章提出了企业培育大数据能力和加强组织学习两个层面 建议，并针对本文研究的局限性，对大数据能力研究提出几点展望。 关键词：企业能力理论、大数据能力、组织学习、创新绩效II Abstract With the popularization of big data application and services, human being is stepping into the big data era. Like natural resources and human resources, big data has gradually become an important asset of enterprises and is hailed as the next Management Revolution. More and more people believe that big data capability will become the core competitiveness of enterprises in the future. Research on the topic of big data capability has just begun and the results are very few. Based on resource-based theory and dynamic capability theory，most domestic and foreign scholars follow the research idea of IT information capability to study it. The concept of big data capability in the existing papers are relatively abstract and broad. Meanwhile，the dimension division of big data capability is quiet different. Some scholars have explored the value creation mechanism of big data ability from the perspectives of economy, marketing and organization,but the depth and width are limited. Therefore，it is very important and significant to study big data capability. On the basis of Enterprise Competence Theory and literature review, this study defined the definition of the big data capability and its demotions. Then,organizational learning was introduced as an intermediary variable to analysis the big data capability impact on the enterprise’s innovation performance. Adopting questionnaire survey method and with a sample of 131, the study make descriptive statistical analysis,reliability and validity analysis, correlation analysis and path analysis by SPSS22.0 and AMOS22.0. The mainly conclusions of this research: Firstly, big data capability is a capability system composed of multiple sub-dimensions, which can be divided into big data analysis capability, Big data integration capability with business and big data strategic collaboration capability. Secondly, big data capability has a significant positive effect on enterprise’s innovation performance. Specifically, big data analysis capability and big data strategic collaboration capability have a significant positive effect on enterprise’s innovation performance. Thirdly, big data capability has a significant positive effect on organizational learning. Fourthly, organizational learning has a significant positive effect on enterprise’s innovation performance. Lastly,organizational learning play mediating roles in the relationship between big data capability and enterprise’s innovation performance. The last,based on the above research conclusion, this paper put forword two suggestions to the managemer, and proposed the follow-up research for the limitations of this study. Key words: Enterprise Competence Theory，Bid Data Capability，Organizational Learning，Innovation PerformanceIII 目录 第一章 绪 论.................................................................................................................................................... 1 1.1 研究背景.............................................................................................................................................. 1 1.2 研究意义.............................................................................................................................................. 2 1.3 研究目的.............................................................................................................................................. 2 1.4 研究方法.............................................................................................................................................. 3 1.5 研究内容.............................................................................................................................................. 4 1.6 可能的研究创新点.............................................................................................................................. 5 第二章 基础理论与文献综述.......................................................................................................................... 7 2.1 基础理论.............................................................................................................................................. 7 2.1.1 资源基础理论 .......................................................................................................................... 7 2.1.2 核心能力理论 .......................................................................................................................... 8 2.1.3 动态能力理论 .......................................................................................................................... 8 2.1.4 企业知识理论 .......................................................................................................................... 9 2.2 大数据能力.......................................................................................................................................... 9 2.2.1 大数据能力的定义 .................................................................................................................. 9 2.2.2 大数据能力的测量 ................................................................................................................ 10 2.2.3 大数据能力的价值创造......................................................................................................... 12 2.3 组织学习............................................................................................................................................ 13 2.3.1 组织学习的定义 .................................................................................................................... 13 2.3.2 组织学习的测量 .................................................................................................................... 14 2.3.3 组织学习与企业创新绩效..................................................................................................... 15 2.4 创新绩效............................................................................................................................................ 15 2.4.1 创新绩效的定义 .................................................................................................................... 15 2.4.2 创新绩效的测量 .................................................................................................................... 16 2.4.3 创新绩效前因变量的研究..................................................................................................... 17 2.5 文献评述............................................................................................................................................ 17 2.5.1 关于企业能力理论 ................................................................................................................ 17 2.5.2 关于大数据能力 .................................................................................................................... 18 2.5.3 关于组织学习 ........................................................................................................................ 19 2.5.4 关于创新绩效 ........................................................................................................................ 19 2.5.5 整体小结 ................................................................................................................................ 19 第三章 研究假设和模型建立...................................................................................................................... 20 3.1 研究变量的界定................................................................................................................................ 20 3.1.1 大数据能力的界定 ................................................................................................................ 20 3.1.2 组织学习的界定 .................................................................................................................... 21 3.1.3 创新绩效的界定 .................................................................................................................... 21 3.2 研究假设............................................................................................................................................ 21 3.2.1 大数据能力对创新绩效的影响............................................................................................. 21 3.2.2 大数据能力对组织学习的影响............................................................................................. 23 3.2.3 组织学习对创新绩效的影响................................................................................................. 24 3.2.4 组织学习的中介作用 ............................................................................................................ 24 3.3 模型构建............................................................................................................................................ 25 第四章 问卷设计与预调研.......................................................................................................................... 27IV 4.1 变量测量工具.................................................................................................................................... 27 4.1.1 大数据能力量表 .................................................................................................................... 27 4.1.2 组织学习量表 ........................................................................................................................ 28 4.1.3 创新绩效量表 ........................................................................................................................ 28 4.2 问卷设计............................................................................................................................................ 28 4.3 方法分析............................................................................................................................................ 29 4.4 预调研数据收集................................................................................................................................ 29 4.5 预调研信度检验................................................................................................................................ 30 （1）大数据能力量表的信度分析................................................................................................ 30 （2）组织学习量表的信度分析.................................................................................................... 31 （3）创新绩效量表的信度分析.................................................................................................... 31 4.6 预调研效度检验-探索性因子分析................................................................................................... 32 第五章 正式调查与数据处理...................................................................................................................... 35 5.1 正式调研的数据收集........................................................................................................................ 35 5.2 正式调研-描述性统计分析............................................................................................................... 35 5.2.1 基本信息的描述性统计......................................................................................................... 35 5.2.2 关键变量的描述性统计......................................................................................................... 37 5.3 正式调研的信度检验........................................................................................................................ 37 （1）大数据能力量表的信度分析................................................................................................ 38 （2）组织学习量表的信度分析.................................................................................................... 38 （3）创新绩效量表的信度分析.................................................................................................... 39 5.4 正式调研的效度检验—验证性因子分析 ........................................................................................ 39 5.4.1 效度检验相关概念与标准..................................................................................................... 39 5.4.2 大数据能力量表的验证性因子分析..................................................................................... 41 5.4.3 组织学习量表的验证性因子分析......................................................................................... 43 5.4.4 创新绩效量表的验证性因子分析......................................................................................... 44 5.5 二阶验证性因子分析........................................................................................................................ 45 5.5.1 大数据能力量表二阶验证性因子分析................................................................................. 45 5.5.2 组织学习量表二阶验证性因子分析..................................................................................... 47 5.6 区分效度的检验................................................................................................................................ 48 5.7 正式调研的相关性分析.................................................................................................................... 49 （1）大数据能力与创新绩效的相关性分析................................................................................ 50 （2）大数据能力与组织学习的相关性分析................................................................................ 50 （3）组织学习与创新绩效的相关性分析.................................................................................... 52 第六章 结构模型与假设检验........................................................................................................................ 54 6.1 结构方程模型.................................................................................................................................... 54 6.1.1 结构方程模型概念 ................................................................................................................ 54 6.1.2 结构方程模型的拟合标准..................................................................................................... 54 6.1.3 偏峰度与 P-P 正态概率图检验............................................................................................. 55 6.2 大数据能力与创新绩效的主效应检验 ............................................................................................ 55 6.2.1 结构方程模型设定 ................................................................................................................ 55 6.2.2 模型参数估计与拟合结果..................................................................................................... 56 6.2.3 模型拟合评价及假设检验..................................................................................................... 57 6.3 大数据能力各维度与创新绩效的主效应检验 ................................................................................ 58V 6.3.1 结构方程模型设定 ................................................................................................................ 58 6.3.2 模型参数估计和拟合结果..................................................................................................... 58 6.3.3 模型拟合评价及假设检验..................................................................................................... 60 6.4 大数据能力、组织学习、创新绩效关系的全路径模型 ................................................................ 60 6.4.1 结构方程模型设定 ................................................................................................................ 60 6.4.2 模型参数估计和拟合结果..................................................................................................... 61 6.4.3 模型拟合评价及假设检验..................................................................................................... 63 6.5 组织学习的中介效应回归检验 ........................................................................................................ 64 6.6 实证分析结果.................................................................................................................................... 66 第七章 研究结论与未来展望...................................................................................................................... 68 7.1 研究结论............................................................................................................................................ 68 7.2 对策与建议........................................................................................................................................ 70 7.3 本研究的局限性................................................................................................................................ 71 7.4 未来研究的展望................................................................................................................................ 72 参考文献.......................................................................................................................................................... 73 附录 1 大数据能力与企业创新绩效的调查问卷 ......................................................................................... 79 附录 2 中介 Sobel 检验.................................................................................................................................. 81 附录 3 攻读硕士学位期间撰写的论文 ......................................................................................................... 82 附录 4 攻读硕士学位期间参加的科研项目 ................................................................................................. 83 致谢