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华北高温油田泡沫驱提高采收率可行性研究-以河间东营区块为例

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华北油田高温断块采用常规的聚合物(调)驱,弱凝胶驱在地层温度 90℃ 的条件下提高采收率存在聚合物分子氧化降解,溶液表观粘度大幅度下降的问 题,不能有效提高聚合物溶液在油层中的波及效率。而泡沫驱以其独特的渗流特 性和驱油性能越来越受到人们的重视,尤其是空气泡沫驱。它发挥了空气驱和泡 沫驱两种采油方法的双重优势,既能提高波及效率,也能提高驱油效率,既克服 了空气驱气窜的缺点,也解决了泡沫驱气源不足且成本高的现状。本文针对华北 油田河间东营高温断块聚合物(调)驱提高原油采收率存在的问题,通过室内实 验,主要对适合该区块的泡沫体系进行筛选并进行适应性评价、起泡剂在油砂上 的静吸附、原油低温氧化、空气泡沫驱油效果及影响因素及河间东营断块是否能 实施空气泡沫驱提高采收率技术的可行性进行了研究。实验结果表明,在河间东 营断块油层温度 90℃、地层水矿化度 7375mg/L~10701mg/L 条件下,筛选了 SD 为起泡剂,该起泡剂具有起泡性好、抗盐抗温强等特点,且在超低浓度 0.02%(有 效浓度)的条件下,也能够很好的起泡,而且产生的泡沫体系的表观视粘度也在 300mPa.s~400mPa.s 之间,是该区块原油粘度(6.3mPa.s)的 50~70 倍,满足 油田提高波及效率,控制油水流度比的要求和条件。起泡剂在油层岩砂上的静态 吸附实验表明,泡沫条件下,起泡剂的吸附量为 0.17797 mg/g,低于起泡剂溶 液条件下的吸附量 0.2487 mg/g。空气泡沫体系阻力系数随注入速度和注入量的 的增加而增大,说明空气泡沫具有较好的封堵效果;但当注入速度和注入量增加 到一定程度后,泡沫体系阻力系数上升幅度变缓,说明泡沫体系在注入过程中, 存在最佳的注入速度和注入量。原油低温氧化实验发现所用河间东营断块油样有 较好的氧化性能。温度、压力越高,原油氧化速率越快,消耗的氧气和产生的二 氧化碳越多。理论和实验研究表明,空气泡沫驱提高采收率技术是适用于华北油 田高温断块的一种高效的三次采油方法。 关键字, 河间东营 空气泡沫 静态吸附 驱替实验 低温氧化 采收率II The feasibility study of foam flooding to EOR in HuaBei high temperature oilfield ——Take HeJianDongYing block for an example Introduction of the author: Shen Naimin, female, was born in May., 1985 whose tutor was professor Li Huabin. She graduated from Chengdu University of Technology in Oil&gas field devlopment engineering major and was granted the Master Degree in June, 2012. Abstract Typical fault block of high temperature in HuaBei oilfield has some problems for the conventional polymer flooding, weak gel flooding to improve oil recovery in the temperature of 90℃ conditions.For polymer molecules will occurs oxidation degradation, apparent viscosity of polymer solution fells drastically, can't effectively improve sweep efficiency of the polymer solution in the reservoir. Foam flooding with its unique seepage characteristics and oil displacement performance is given more and more attention by people, especially the air foam flooding. Air Foam flooding has two advantages both including air flooding and foam flooding. So it not only improves the sweep efficiency and the displacement efficiency, but also overcome the shortcomings of the gas channeling and solves the current situation of insufficient air and high cost of the foam flooding. This paper carried out the feasibility study of the high temperature foam flooding to improve oil recovery for the existing problems of the polymer flooding. By experiments in laboratory,it is mainly study on screening foam system and evaluating adaptability and the static adsorption of foaming agent in the oil sands and crude oil low temperature oxidation and the blocking ability of air-foam and the factors which influence the efficiency of air-foam flooding and whether HeJianDongYing implement Air-Foam flooding technique for enhanced oil recovery. The experimental result indicated that this paper screened the SD for foaming agent in the reservoir water salinity 7375mg/L~10701mg/L conditions at 90℃ in HeJianDongYing fault block, this foaming agent with the gender of good foaming ability and salt and temperature resistance, etc. And on low concentration 0.02% (effective concentration) conditions, the apparent viscosity of the produced bubble of the system is between 300 mPa.s and 400 mPa.s, which is this block oil viscosity (6.3 mPa.s) 50 to 70 times, meet the requirements of improving sweep efficiency and control oil flow degree . The static adsorption experiment of foaming agent on the sand in reservoir rocks shows that the adsorption quantity of foaming agent for 0.17797 mg/g in the bubble conditions, below the adsorption quantity of 0.2487 mg/g in the foaming agent solution conditions. The resistance coefficient of air foam system increases with the injection rate and injection quantity, but when injection rate andIII injection quantity increased to a certain degree, resistance coefficient rises slowly, explain that there is the best of injection rate and injection quantity in foam system injection process. HeJianDongYing crude oil low temperature oxidation occurs easily;oxidation rate increases and the quantity of oxygen consumed and carbon dioxide produced increases with the increasing of temperature and pressure.On the basis of the theories and experimental results,air-foam flooding is a safe,effective, and promising technique for enhanced oil recovery of HuaBei oilfield. Keywords: HeJianDongYing Air-foam Static adsorption Core flooding experiments LTO Oil recoveryi 目 录 摘要 ............................................................ I Abstract .......................................................... II 目 录 ............................................................. i 第 1 章 绪 论..........................................................1 1.1 研究背景及意义................................................. 1 1.2 国内外研究现状 ................................................ 2 1.3 本文研究思路、主要研究内容及技术方法 .......................... 3 1.3.1 研究思路................................................. 3 1.3.2 主要研究内容............................................. 3 1.3.3 技术路线................................................. 4 第 2 章 油藏地质特征及开发概况.........................................5 2.1 油藏地质特征 .................................................. 5 2.1.1 构造特征................................................. 5 2.1.2 储层物性特征............................................. 6 2.1.3 储量及油层分布特征....................................... 7 2.1.4 流体性质................................................. 8 2.2 油藏剩余油分布特征 ............................................ 9 2.2.1 平面剩余油分布规律....................................... 9 2.2.2 隔夹层的剩余油分布规律................................... 9 2.2.3 层间剩余油分布规律 ...................................... 10 2.2.4 河间东营组油藏小层剩余储量分布.......................... 10 2.2.5 河间东营组油藏剩余油分布................................ 11 2.3 油田开发简况及开发特点 ....................................... 12 2.3.1 开发简况................................................ 12 2.3.2 开发特点................................................ 13 2.4 本章小结 ..................................................... 14 第 3 章 起泡剂及起泡气体的室内筛选研究................................15 3.1 泡沫流体在石油领域中的应用 ................................... 15 3.2 评价泡沫性能的指标 ........................................... 15 3.3 泡沫体系筛选评价实验 ......................................... 17 ii 3.3.1 实验原理................................................ 17 3.3.2 主要仪器和化学试剂...................................... 17 3.3.3 高温常压下泡沫体系的筛选................................ 18 3.4 本章小结 ..................................................... 40 第 4 章 泡沫体系的适应性评价..........................................42 4.1 起泡剂在油砂上的静吸附 ....................................... 42 4.1.1 实验部分................................................ 42 4.1.2 结果与讨论.............................................. 44 4.2 矿化度对泡沫体系参数的影响 ................................... 50 4.3 液/油比对泡沫体系参数的影响 .................................. 52 4.4 高温高压条件下泡沫体系参数评价 ............................... 57 4.4.1 压力对泡沫参数的影响.................................... 58 4.4.2 起泡剂浓度对泡沫参数的影响.............................. 60 4.4.3 不同气/液比下的泡沫性能参数............................. 65 4.5 界面张力与表面张力评价 ....................................... 68 4.5.1 起泡剂溶液与原油的界面张力评价.......................... 68 4.5.2 起泡剂溶液表面张力评价.................................. 70 4.6 泡沫体系驱替效果评价 ......................................... 72 4.6.1 实验准备................................................ 72 4.6.2 实验结果及讨论.......................................... 72 4.7 低温氧化实验及安全性分析 ..................................... 75 4.7.1 实验准备................................................ 76 4.7.2 压力对氧化速率的影响.................................... 76 4.7.3 温度对氧化速率的影响.................................... 78 4.8 本章小结 ..................................................... 79 结 论...............................................................81 致谢...............................................................83