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丰龙银行苏州分行小企业信贷业务风险管理体系优化研究_硕士论文

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这些年,伴随国内经济持续成长、进步,众多小企业得以蓬勃发展,尤其 是带给国内经济的推动作用持续增强。但是很多小企业自身实现发展的同时会 受到诸多因素的限制,尤其是融资困难始终阻挠着小企业迈向更好更快发展状 态的步伐。小企业融资有直接和间接两个途径,而国内大多数小企业并不具备 在资本市场直接融资的资格,银行贷款是解决其融资问题的有效途径。但是, 由于小企业经营不稳定、财务信息不透明等各类情况的存在,使得银行面向小 企业提供信贷服务支持的时候需要担负相对较高的信用风险,银行方面出于降 低风险影响的考虑选择对小企业缩减提供信贷额度,但这并不是解决小企业信 贷风险的最好方式,因此提高银行信贷风险管理水平能够从问题的根源上,更 好地帮助小企业后期不断得到足够的信贷支持,以此实现自身的长远发展进 步。 首先,本文经由深入地分析,明确了小企业在信贷业务中表现出需要获得 信贷资金的需求迫切、频繁,剖析了小企业规模相对偏小而难以实现有力的对 抗风险能力,以及小企业主自身抵押风险较高等特点;其次,应用信贷配给理 论以及信息不对称等知识详细探究银行信贷资金需要应对的各类信贷风险,明 确现阶段,丰龙银行苏州分行发展小企业相关的信贷业务应用的模式、情况以 及实现的风险管理措施。从贷前、贷中、贷后的角度,认为丰龙银行苏州分行 存在小企业贷前调查及信用评级体系不完善、贷中审查机制不健全、贷后风险 控制力度不足的问题;然后,由上述问题出发,着重从贷前时期的信息调查、 贷中时期的操作审查以及贷后时期的风控管理三部分完善了丰龙银行苏州分行 小企业信贷风险管理体系;最后,为能够更好确保改善后的风险管理体系能够 高效运行,从整体营造出风险管理良好的文化氛围,举办特色文化活动推进信 贷文化建设,继续升级授信评级体系,提升贷款定价,创新金融资产管理工 具,制定“一行一策”精细化管理的信贷风险文化等方面提供全面的保障,以 此达到风险管理体系优化的最终目标。 关键词:小企业,信贷风险,管理体系,优化II Study on Optimization the Risk Management System of Credit Business for Small Enterprise in Feng long Bank Suzhou Branch Abstract In recent years, with the sustained growth and progress of the domestic economy, many small enterprises have been able to flourish, and their impact on promoting the domestic economy has continued to be strengthened. However, further self- development of many small enterprises are restricted by multiple factors, especially the financing challenges, which is impeding the pace of small enterprises towards a better development. There are direct and indirect ways of financing for small enterprises, while most small enterprises in China are not qualified for direct financing in the capital market. Bank loan is offering an effective way to solve their financing problems. However, because of the instability of company operation and financial information’s lack of transparency, banks need to take relatively high credit risk when providing credit services to small enterprises. For the purpose of reducing risk, banks are considering about reducing the credit line for small enterprises, but this is not the best way to reduce the credit risk from small enterprises. The helpful way is to improve the bank credit risk management, which is expected to provide better support to small enterprise from its root, so as to help small enterprise achieve their own long-term development and progress. Firstly, through in-depth analysis, this paper clarifies that small enterprises in the credit business have urgent,frequent and short demands for credit funds, however, commercial banks hold cautious attitude for their unmatched small business scale, low anti-risk capability and high mortgage risk; secondly, in view of this situation, it applies credit rationing theory and information asymmetry to explore credit risks of bank. For all kinds of credit risks, this paper identifies the model of credit business related to small enterprises and the measures to achieve risk management in Fenglong Bank Suzhou Branch. From the perspective of pre-loan, in-loan, after-loan and system construction, it holds that Fenglong Bank Suzhou Branch has the problems ofIII incomplete pre-loan investigation and credit rating system, imperfect in-loan review mechanism and lack of risk control after-loan. Then, from the above problems, we focus on improving the credit risk management system of Fenglong Bank's Suzhou Branch concerning the small business sector from three parts: information survey in the pre-loan period, application review in the mid-loan period and control and management in the post-loan period. Finally, in order to better ensure the efficient operation of the improved risk management system, we should create a wind as a whole. In order to optimize the risk management system, we should organize special cultural activities to promote the construction of credit culture, continue to upgrade the credit rating system, improve loan pricing, innovate financial asset management tools, and formulate a one-line-one-policy fine management credit risk culture to implement the risk management system. Key words: small enterprises,credit risk,management system,optimizationIV 目 录 中文摘要 ............................................................ Ⅰ Abstract ............................................................ Ⅱ 第一章 绪论.....................................................................................................................1 1.1 研究背景及意义...................................................................................................1 1.1.1 研究背景.......................................................................................................1 1.1.2 研究意义.......................................................................................................2 1.2 丰龙银行苏州分行简介.......................................................................................3 1.3 本文研究的内容与方法.......................................................................................3 1.3.1 研究内容与框架...........................................................................................3 1.3.2 研究方法.......................................................................................................5 第二章 小企业信贷风险管理相关理论综述........................................................6 2.1 相关基本概念内涵界定.......................................................................................6 2.1.1 小企业...........................................................................................................6 2.1.2 信贷风险和小企业信贷风险.......................................................................7 2.1.3 小企业信贷风险管理...................................................................................7 2.1.4 小企业信贷风险管理体系...........................................................................8 2.2 小企业信贷风险的特点和管理意义.................................................................10 2.2.1 小企业信贷风险成因分析.........................................................................10 2.2.2 小企业信贷风险的特点.............................................................................11 2.2.3 小企业信贷风险管理的意义.....................................................................12 2.3 小企业信贷风险管理的理论基础 ....................................................................13 2.3.1 信息不对称理论.........................................................................................13 2.3.2 贷款承诺理论.............................................................................................13 2.3.3 信贷配给理论.............................................................................................14V 2.3.4 风险管理理论.............................................................................................14 第三章 丰龙银行苏州分行小企业信贷风险管理体系现状及存在的问 题........................................................................................................................................16 3.1 丰龙银行苏州分行小企业信贷业务的基本情况.............................................16 3.2 丰龙银行苏州分行小企业信贷风险管理现状.................................................18 3.2.1 丰龙银行苏州分行信贷部门简介及职责.................................................18 3.2.2 小企业信贷风险管理体系现状................................ 19 3.3 丰龙银行苏州分行小企业信贷风险管理体系现存问题.................................21 3.3.1 贷前调查及信用评级体系不完善.............................................................21 3.3.2 贷中审查机制不健全.................................................................................23 3.3.3 贷后风险控制力度不足.............................................................................24 第四章 丰龙银行苏州分行小企业信贷风险管理体系优化..........................26 4.1 优化目标.............................................................................................................26 4.2 优化思路和优化原则.........................................................................................26 4.3 具体优化内容.....................................................................................................28 4.3.1 贷前调查优化.............................................................................................28 4.3.2 贷中审查优化.............................................................................................38 4.3.3 贷后管理优化.............................................................................................39 第五章 丰龙银行苏州分行小企业信贷风险管理体系优化方案的保障 措施...................................................................................................................................43 5.1 打造风险管理的文化环境..................................................................................43 5.1.1 行领导带头传导信贷文化..........................................................................43 5.1.2 信贷文化建设牵头部门开展警示教育工作.............................................43 5.1.3 协同强化合规经营意识.............................................................................44 5.2 举办特色文化活动,推进信贷文化建设.........................................................44 5.2.1 依托信贷文化大讲堂及会议平台开展“三必讲”.................................44VI 5.2.2 刊发信贷文化建设专刊.............................................................................45 5.2.3 发布信贷文化学习课件.............................................................................45 5.2.4 印发《丰龙银行信贷岗位尽职尽责工作手册》.....................................45 5.3 继续升级授信评级体系.....................................................................................45 5.3.1 强化行业风险评级风险管理水平.............................................................46 5.3.2 行业风险评级方法进一步的保障措施.....................................................47 5.3.3 建立有效的行业研究体系,加大行业研究力度.....................................49 5.4 提升贷款定价,创新金融资产管理工具.........................................................52 5.4.1 提升贷款定价技术和能力,匹配信贷业务的收益和风险.....................52 5.4.2 积极推进信贷资产证券化.........................................................................52 5.5 制定“一行一策”精细化管理的信贷风险文化.............................................53 5.6 建立二级分支行风险经理专职化管理.............................................................54 第六章 结论...................................................................................................................57 6.1 主要结论.............................................................................................................57 6.2 研究展望.............................................................................................................58