摘要 目前国内许多油田己进入开发中后期,开采强度不断增大,井下工况更加复 杂,迫切需要解决影响固井水泥界面胶结和层间分隔质量的各种问题常规油井水 泥抵抗破坏的性能较差,不能很好满足水泥环抗冲击振动以及射孔!压裂等各种变 形破坏的要求,这在一定程度上限制了小间隙!大位移!定向与水平井等特殊钻井 工艺技术的发展,也制约了后期压裂!酸化等诸多开发工艺措施的实施 具有多种效能于一体,并适合复杂结构井固井的油井水泥浆体系在国内研究较 少,缺乏兼顾液态性能与失重!防窜!二界面胶结以及特殊井工艺技术对凝固水泥 石耐久性能的要求,难以满足复杂结构井及特殊地层固井需要,且在应用上有外加 剂种类繁多,性能调节不易!设计工作量大!水质适应性差!耐腐蚀能力低!作业 装备要求与成本高等缺点;而跨国服务公司出于多种原因对此进行技术垄断,一般 只公布应用效果而不公布研究结果 为打破国外技术封锁,本文运用系统工程整体原理为指导思想,综合运用表面 活性剂技术!外加剂复配技术以及水泥石物相微观分析测试技术,研究了国产SRB 对不同体系的水泥石力学性能的影响,实验结果表明,在国产SRB适当加量下的油 井水泥浆综合工程性能可满足现场作业施工要求,具有防窜!直角稠化!高流变! 低失水!零自由水等特点,并能有效提高油井水泥石耐腐蚀!抗冲击振动破碎以及 凝结后具有较强柔韧性和力学形变能力,有助于水泥环在后续施工过程中维持长期 有效层间封隔本文还探讨了胶乳降失水!防窜和改善水泥石性能的作用机理,对 于研究开发和现场应用胶乳油井水泥浆体系具有较好的指导作用本文的完成,有 助于为解决分支井固井!小间隙固井薄水泥环抗冲击振动能力不足,在后续施工中 易破碎而导致层间互窜的问题提供参考,新型材料体系的开发研究必将为分支井! 小井眼!大位移井及老井侧钻技术在国内的推广应用提供新的技术支持,对提高常 规井固井质量!延长其开采寿命也有积极的推动作用 主题词固井水泥石增韧防窜抗腐蚀失水西南石油学院2005届硕士ABSTRACT ABSTRACT Nowmanydomestie011fieldshaveeomeintolatere却loitationstage.EPxloiting intensityeontinuesineerasing.Theeierumstnaeesunder011wellhavebeenmuehmoer compleXhtanever.Requestsonresistaneeofeorrosiondesturetibilityofsealinginterafees thatrelatedtosealingPuandeementingexereisesinPetroleumengineeringaremorenad moreofrigidity.It15urgentlyneedstoersolveallsortsofProblemsthataeffetinterafee bondingquality.Conventionaleementslurrydesignersistthedesturetiveufnctionwosre, andena,tliketosatisyftherequesttoearryonlatterProductionsuehasPerofration,aeidiyf, rfaetureete. 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KEYWORDS: willeontributetoineerasetheeementingqualityandProlongthelief Cementing,ImProvingeementstone.5flexibility, Anti一eommunieation,Aorrosivee〔)ntrol,Leakingwater目录 1 . 绪论................,.....................................................................................................1 1 . 1研究目的和意义.................................,............,....................................1 1.2油井水泥外加剂................................................,........................................2 1.2.1促凝剂(早强剂)...........................................................................,.,2 1.2.2缓凝剂...............................................................,..............................3 1 . 2 . 3降失水剂................................................................................................3 1.2.4分散剂...,..........................................................................................4 1.2.5水泥浆密度调节剂................................................................................4 1.2.6热稳定剂................................................................................................5 1 . 2 . 7防气窜剂................................................................................................5 1.2.8消泡剂.........,....................................................................................5 1.2.9堵漏剂....................................................................................................5 1.3增韧水泥浆体系研究应用现状.......................................................................6 1.3.1纤维水泥浆体系...........................................#6 1 . 3 . 2胶粉充填改性水泥浆体系...............,..........................!.............8 1.3.3胶乳(BSR)水泥浆体系......................................................................9 1 . 4报告的研究目标及主要研究内容.................................................................10 1.4.1研究目标..............................................................................................10 1 . 4 . 2研究思路..........................................................................................#.10 1.4.3研究内容...................................,...............................10 1.4.4实验仪器!方法及药品................................................,.......,11 2 . SBR水泥浆体系基础实验研究..............................................................................12 2 . 1SBR在碱性高Ca沙液相中的稳定性..............................................................12 2 . 2SBR水泥浆体系的消泡实验.........................................................................13 2 . 3SBR对水泥浆稳定性影响..............................................................................巧 2.3.1稳定的重要性...............................................................#....巧 2 . 3 . 2稳定性的测定方法..............................................................................15 2 . 3 . 3析水的测定.........................................................#..16 2.3.4沉降稳定性测试............................................................................#,..16 2 . 4SBR水泥石抗压强度和抗折强度.................................................................18 2 . 4 . 1SBR一168中低温胶乳对水泥石的影响...............................................18 2 . 4 . 2SBR一169中高温胶乳对水泥石影响..................................................21 2 . 5SBR对水泥石胶结强度的影响......................................................................23 2 . 6SBR水泥浆的流变性能..........,.................................................................26 2 . 7SBR水泥浆体系的稠化时间..........................................................................28 3 . SBR水泥浆体系的增韧性能评价...........................................................................犯 3 . 1韧性评价手段及评价参数综述.....................................................................32 3 . 2SBR油井水泥石脆度系数.,...........................................................!..........35 3 . 3SBR对水泥石弹性模量及泊松比的影响......................................................36 3 . 4抗冲击性能实验................................................#..#,37 3 . 5室内模拟水泥环射孔实验!............................................................................37 3 . 6弯曲形变量测量...........................................................#一393.6.1测量装置..............................................................................................39 3 . 6 . 2测量弯曲形变量..................................................................................40 3 . 7沥青改善水泥石变形能力初探......................................................................41 4.SBR水泥浆体系的防气窜性能评价.......................................................................44 4 . 1环空窜流的产生及其危害.............................................................................44 4.2环空窜流产生的机理.....................................................................................45 4 . 3控制气窜的方法.............................................................................................46 4 . 4SBR水泥浆体系防窜评价..............................................................................48 4 . 4 . 1线膨胀率实验...............,................................................................48 4.4.2SBR水泥浆体系的触变性能...............................................................48 4 . 4 . 3SBR水泥浆防气窜压力.......................................................................50 4 . 4 . 4水泥浆凝结过程体系内部的孔隙压力变化......................................51 5 . SBR水泥浆降失水性能评价...................................................................................53 5 . 1水泥浆降失水性能的重要性.........................................................................53 5 . 1 . 1失水量过大易造成的危害.................................................................53 5 . 1 . 2固井工程对水泥浆滤失性能的要求..................................................53 5 . 1.3降低水泥浆失水方法..........................................................................54 5 . 2SBR水泥浆静失水性能评价..........................................................................54 5 . 2.1实验操作步骤及注意事项..................................................................54 5 . 2.2实验结果及数据处理.........................,..........................................55 6 . SBR水泥浆抗腐蚀性能评价...................................................................................58 7.机理分析..................................................................................................................60 7.1胶乳改善水泥石性能的原理.........................................................................60 7.2胶乳改善水泥石性能微观分析.....,.,二,........,.,......,...61 7.3胶乳降失水原理.............................................................................................62 7.4胶乳水泥体系防窜机理........................................................................,..63 8 . 结论与建议....,...................................................................................................64 8 . 1结论......................................................................,....................................64 8 . 2建议......................................,....................................................................65 致谢......................-...................................................................................................66