随着世界工业化进程的飞速发展，能源问题引起世界各国的关注，建筑能耗 是国家总能耗中比重较大的一项，而我国农村建筑冬季采暖用能最为突出。在新 疆地区农村人口总数约占全疆总人数的 62.85%，农村住宅冬季保温性能相对较 差，冬季室内热舒适性差，采暖能耗较高，给环境与社会带来较大负担，但新疆 地处太阳能资源二、三类地区，具有发展被动式太阳能住宅的潜力，将被动式太 阳能应用于新疆农村住宅进行冬季采暖，将会为新疆地区能耗减轻极大的负担， 为经济发展、人民生活质量的改善提供保障。 本文采用冬季采暖综合气象因数值来评估新疆地区是否适合发展被动式太 阳能住宅进行冬季采暖，并从建筑总体布局、单体设计、蓄热集热构件提出相应 的被动式太阳能住宅设计策略，以稳态热平衡的原理推导出直接受益式、集热蓄 热墙式、附加阳光间式三种被动式太阳能采暖方式在采暖期不同室外环境下单位 面积总集热量，从而对新疆可采用被动式采暖的地区进行采暖方式优化，并以哈 密农村地区为例，进行被动式太阳能住宅设计，对设计方案进行采暖期能耗理论 计算与软件模拟，同时与传统住宅相对比，验证新疆农村地区住宅应用被动式太 阳能采暖的可行性。 关键词，被动式太阳能住宅；农村地区；设计策略；能耗；节能率；新疆大学硕士学位报告 II ABSTRACT With the rapid development of the world the process of industrialization, energy issues is attracting all of the world’s attention. Building energy consumption is a large proportion of the country's total energy consumption, while rural construction in China will be the most prominent of heating in winter. The total rural population in the Xinjiang region accounts for about 62.85% of the total number of Xinjiang. And winter heat preservation in the rural residential is relatively poor such as thermal environment indoor, bad comfort and a high heating energy consumption which bring a big burden on the environment and society. But as we all know, Xinjiang is located in the second and the third class of solar energy, it has the potential for the development of passive solar houses. Using the rural residential passive solar heating in winter in Xinjiang, which will lighten the heavy burden of the energy consumption in Xinjiang, and it also makes sure the development of economic and the high quality of life. In this paper, integrated meteorological winter heating values are used to help us to assess whether Xinjiang is suitable to develop the passive solar residential heating in winter. And by using the corresponding passive solar residential design strategy proposed on the basis of the layout of the building, monomer design and the collector components for regenerating and the three passive solar heating methods as direct benefit collector, thermal storage wall as well as the additional sun to regenerate heat in different outside environment in unit areas, so as to optimize the areas with passive heating. In this paper, the rural area Hami will be taken to be designed with passive solar residents, and to calculate the nuclear consumption of the design as well as the software simulation, and through the comparison with the traditional residents to assess the feasibility of the passive solar regenerating in rural area in Xinjiang. Keywords: Passive solar residence ; Rural area ; Design strategy ; Energy consumption ; Energy-efficient ratio新疆大学硕士学位报告 III 目录 第一章 绪论 ............................................................................................................................. 1 1.1 选题背景 ......................................................................................................................... 1 1.2 选题意义与目的 ............................................................................................................. 2 1.2.1 选题意义 .................................................................................................................. 2 1.2.2 选题目的 .................................................................................................................. 2 1.3 国内外研究现状 ............................................................................................................. 3 1.3.1 国外研究现状 .......................................................................................................... 3 1.3.2 国内研究现状 .......................................................................................................... 4 1.4 研究内容 ......................................................................................................................... 6 第二章 被动式太阳能采暖 ..................................................................................................... 7 2.1 被动式太阳能采暖原理 ................................................................................................. 7 2.2 被动式太阳能采暖方式 ................................................................................................. 7 2.2.1 直接受益式 .............................................................................................................. 7 2.2.2 集热蓄热墙式（特朗勃 Trombe 墙） .................................................................... 8 2.2.3 附加阳光间式 ........................................................................................................ 11 2.2.4 组合式 .................................................................................................................... 11 2.3 被动式太阳能采暖利用价值评估 ............................................................................... 12 2.3.1 我国的太阳能资源 ................................................................................................ 12 2.3.2 冬季采暖综合气象因素值 .................................................................................... 12 2.4 被动式太阳能建筑的热工计算模型 ........................................................................... 17 2.4.1 被动式太阳能建筑的热平衡计算模型 ................................................................ 17 2.4.2 被动式太阳能建筑室内空气平均温度预测计算模型 ........................................ 17 2.4.3 被动式太阳能建筑采暖辅助热量预测计算模型 ................................................ 19 2.5 小结 .............................................................................................................................. 20 第三章 新疆农村地区被动式太阳能住宅设计策略 ........................................................... 22 3.1 被动式太阳能住宅建造的实际性 ............................................................................... 22 3.2 建筑总体规划设计 ....................................................................................................... 22 3.2.1 建筑场地选择 ........................................................................................................ 23 3.2.2 建筑朝向选择 ........................................................................................................ 23 3.2.3 建筑日照间距选择 ................................................................................................ 24 3.3 被动式太阳能住宅单体设计 ....................................................................................... 25 3.3.1 表面面积系数 ........................................................................................................ 25 新疆大学硕士学位报告 IV 3.3.2 住宅平面布置、立面设计 .................................................................................... 26 3.3.3 围护结构设计 ........................................................................................................ 28 3.4 三种被动式太阳能采暖方式设计策略 ....................................................................... 31 3.4.1 直接受益式设计策略 ............................................................................................ 31 3.4.2 集热蓄热墙式设计策略 ........................................................................................ 33 3.4.3 附加阳光间式设计策略 ........................................................................................ 35 3.5 被动式太阳能采暖方式的优化选型 ........................................................................... 37 3.6 小结 .............................................................................................................................. 40 第四章 哈密农村被动式太阳能住宅热工计算与能耗模拟 ............................................... 42 4.1 住宅方案设计 ............................................................................................................... 42 4.1.1 住宅平面 ................................................................................................................ 42 4.1.2 住宅立面 ................................................................................................................ 42 4.1.3 住宅剖面 ................................................................................................................ 43 4.1.4 材料及构造设计 .................................................................................................... 44 4.2 哈密地区被动式太阳能住宅采暖期热工计算 ........................................................... 46 4.2.1 相关计算参数 ........................................................................................................ 46 4.2.2 被动式太阳能住宅采暖期室内空气平均温度计算 ............................................ 47 4.2.3 被动式太阳能住宅的节能率计算 ........................................................................ 48 4.3 被动式太阳能住宅采暖期能耗模拟 .......................................................................... 50 4.3.1 软件简介 ................................................................................................................ 50 4.3.2 物理模型的建立 .................................................................................................... 51 4.3.3 参数设定 ................................................................................................................ 51 4.3.4 动态模拟结果分析 ................................................................................................ 53 4.4 小结 .............................................................................................................................. 55 第五章 结论与展望 ............................................................................................................... 56 5.1 结论 .............................................................................................................................. 56 5.2 展望 ............................................................................................................................... 57