本次翻译实践文本为第六届中国公益慈善项目大赛参赛项目策划书，属于外 宣类文本。中国的公益慈善事业虽起步较晚，但近年来也呈蔚为大观之势，在扶 贫助困、维护社会和谐方面的作用举足轻重，与此相关的翻译需求也不断涌现， 但相关的翻译研究还较为缺乏。外宣翻译是国家软实力的重要组成部分，也是一 种具有明确指向性的跨语言交往活动，其文本以政策公告、国情介绍、地方宣传 等为主要话题，涉及多种体裁，其中以党政机关公文最为典型。本次翻译实践文 本体现了与党和国家民政方针政策的高度一致性，在选词、文风等方面与党政机 关公文有许多相似相通之处，因此可归类为外宣类文本。 建构主义翻译观对外宣翻译具有指导性。以往对于外宣翻译的研究多以目的 论、功能对等理论、生态翻译学等作为理论指导，成果丰硕，而在建构主义翻译 观下进行的外宣翻译研究还为数不多。该理论在外宣翻译领域的指导价值还有待 获得更多译界人士的认可。建构主义翻译观将翻译在宏观上视为共同构建人类知 识的过程，在微观上视为一种文化间的交往活动，这一观点与外宣翻译的“交往 活动”属性相契合。因此笔者以外宣翻译作为研究对象，以公益慈善项目策划书 的翻译作为研究样本，将自身翻译实践与建构主义翻译观相结合，对此类文本的 翻译原则和方法技巧进行了探索和总结，并撰写本报告，希望能为其他译者提供 点滴借鉴。 本文从词汇、句法、篇章三个层面总结了外宣文本翻译的重难点：外宣文本 词汇抽象、内涵丰富；汉英句法结构、篇章衔接方式存在巨大差异；庄重正式的 行文风格需要在原文和译文中保持统一。据此，本文在建构主义翻译观指导下提 出了相应的解决策略：在语境中准确理解词语含义是词汇翻译的基础和前提；语 态转换、句子成分增添、逻辑关系构建、语序调整等是确保译文合理地道的有效 手段；语域、词汇、句式是效仿原文风格的基本切入角度。 本报告分为四章：第一章简要介绍了任务文本的背景和特点。第二章站在宏 观角度简述了本次翻译实践的过程和指导理论——建构主义翻译观。第三章是本 报告的核心，从词汇、句法、篇章层面三个角度出发，首先简述建构主义翻译观 在不同情况下对本实践的指导意义，再分门别类列举译文实例，总结实例中运用II 的翻译方法与技巧，并分析译文如何符合建构主义翻译观的三条翻译标准。第四 章总结了本次翻译实践的心得体会。 关键词：公益慈善项目；外宣翻译；建构主义翻译观；交往活动；底限性翻译 标准III Abstract The project proposals for the 6th China Public Welfare Project Contest – the original texts in this translation practice -- are categorized as foreign publicity texts. Despite its late start in China, public welfare has been in full bloom for its vitally important role in poverty alleviation and the promotion of social harmony. The scarcity of research on translation for the purpose of public welfare, however, draws a sharp contrast with the growing demands for translation in this regard. As a constituent element of China's soft power, foreign publicity translation is considered a communicative action between languages. Foreign publicity texts, touching upon notices on government policies and actual situation at both national and local levels, vary in genres and among the most representative ones are official documents. Bearing resemblance to official documents in diction and writing style for the consistency with national policies on civil affairs, the texts of this translation practice, therefore, fall into public publicity texts. The constructivist translatology proves instructive for foreign publicity translation. Since previous research on foreign publicity translation were mainly carried out from perspectives of the Skopos theory, functional equivalence theory and eco-translatology etc., the constructivist translatology -- a new paradigm that defines translation as a collective construction of human knowledge on a macroscopic level and a communicative action on a microscopic level -- deserves more attention for its agreement with foreign publicity translation in terms of the communicative action. Hence, after an analysis of English translations of two proposals of public charity projects as a sample of foreign publicity translation, comes this report, in which principles, methods and techniques for translation of texts of this kind are summarized as a salutary lesson for translators. Difficulties of foreign publicity translation at the diction, syntax and context level are first explicated in the report, followed by, accordingly, solutions to them under the guidance of constructivist translatology as follows. Given the ubiquity ofIV abstract and connotative words and expressions in foreign publicity texts, the correct understanding of words according to their contexts shall precede their rendering. In addition, given the distinction between Chinese and English in syntactic structure and textual cohesion, multiple approaches -- converting voice, adding sentence constituents, structuring sentences with logical syntax and reorganizing word order within a single sentence -- help to ensure a grammatical and idiomatic translation. Moreover, the translator shall keep the translation solemn and formal in writing style by imitating the original text in register, diction and syntax. The report consists of four chapters, the first of which is a brief introduction to the background and characteristics of the texts followed by a chronicle of the process of the translation practice and a sketch of constructivist translatology in Chapter Two. Chapter Three, as the core of the report, explains the guiding significance of constructivist translatology to the translation practice and illustrates the translation methods and techniques in conformity with the three criteria of constructive translatology by a threefold classification of diction, syntax and context. As a conclusion, Chapter Four sums up with the experience from this translation practice. KEY WORDS: public charity projects; foreign publicity translation; constructivist translatology; communicative action; translation criteria as the bottom lineV 目录 摘要............................................................................................................................................I Abstract ..................................................................................................................................III 目录.......................................................................................................................................... V 第一章 翻译任务描述 ..............................................................................................................1 1.1 任务来源及背景..........................................................................................................1 1.2 任务文本简介..............................................................................................................2 第二章 翻译过程描述 ..............................................................................................................3 2.1 翻译过程......................................................................................................................3 2.1.1 译前准备...................................................................................................3 2.1.2 正式译稿...................................................................................................4 2.1.3 译后校对...................................................................................................4 2.2 理论指导......................................................................................................................5 2.2.1 建构主义翻译观简介...............................................................................5 2.2.2 建构主义翻译观的翻译标准及其底限性质...........................................6 2.2.3 建构主义翻译观在本次翻译实践中的适用性.......................................7 第三章 翻译案例分析 ..............................................................................................................9 3.1 词汇层面的翻译方法技巧..........................................................................................9 3.1.1 文化负载词的翻译...................................................................................9 3.1.2 形象化四字格词语的翻译.....................................................................11 3.1.3 高频词的翻译.........................................................................................12 3.2 句法层面的翻译方法技巧........................................................................................14 3.2.1 无主句的翻译.........................................................................................14 3.2.2 冗余成分句的翻译.................................................................................15 3.2.3 流水句的翻译.........................................................................................16 3.3 篇章层面的翻译方法技巧........................................................................................18 3.3.1 语篇衔接.................................................................................................18 3.3.2 文本风格.................................................................................................20VI 第四章 翻译实践总结...........................................................................................................22 4.1 小结：经验与收获...................................................................................................22 4.2 反思：问题与不足...................................................................................................22 4.3 展望：译员的职业素养...........................................................................................23