国外的研究和实践表明，轻钢结构体系是一种性能优良的住宅结构体系，它 具有自重轻、保温隔热性能良好、施工速度快、空间利用率高、环境污染小、回 收率高等优点，适宜在多层住宅中采用。目前，沿海地区一些经济比较发达的城 市的高档住宅中，也在采用这种结构形式。 在重庆市城市化进程加快的背景下，要求住宅产业能够快速地提供大量合格 的住宅产品；然而，现有的住宅建设方式，却不能够满足城市化进程加快带来的 迫切的住房需求。同时，经济发展与资源紧缺、环境恶化的矛盾日渐突出，这已 成为了重庆市经济发展进程中不可忽视的问题，建设资源节约型社会已经被提上 议事日程，并放在政府工作的首位。传统的建筑工业采用人工作业方式，污染大、 资源浪费严重，与资源、环境极不协调。 轻钢结构体系是一种易于实现工业化生产的体系，它采用在工厂预制构件的 方法，使得施工条件不受现场因素的影响，降低了缺陷率，提高了劳动生产率。 同时，这种体系能够集成大量的环保、节能新型材料和设备，符合可持续发展的 战略。因此，发展轻钢结构住宅契合城市化和建设节约型社会的大背景，必将成 为住宅产业化的一个重要方向。 在重庆住宅市场中，尚没有出现轻钢结构住宅供给，无实际的经验可供借鉴。 因此，需要详细论证其技术可行性和市场可行性。重庆市是中国最年轻的直辖市， 也是西部唯一的直辖市。在重庆推广轻钢结构住宅，具有一系列的有利条件，如 重庆市的经济持续快速健康发展、重庆市城市化进程加速、重庆市政府机构具备 一定的决策和执行权、重庆市的房地产业健康发展、重庆市工业基础扎实等。 轻钢结构住宅虽然在保温隔热、节能降耗等性能上与传统的钢混结构住宅相 比具有一定的优势，但是，轻钢结构在防火、隔声、防腐蚀等方面并不具备优势， 需要借助于辅助材料的应用。由于自然环境的原因，重庆夏热冬冷、空气湿度大、 大气中酸性气体的浓度高，这些特点都给重庆发展轻钢结构住宅的技术可行性提 出了挑战。 同时，来自市场的挑战也考验着轻钢结构住宅。重庆地质状况相对沿海地区 要好，人工费成本也相对低廉，轻钢结构住宅基础造价低、人工消耗少的特点难 以形成优点；同时，由于轻钢结构住宅在防火、防腐蚀、隔声等技术性能方面不 具备优势，必须借助于辅助材料，这就提高了住宅的单方建造成本，提高了购买 轻钢住宅的门槛；第三，虽然轻钢结构住宅在使用和维护成本上具备一定的优势， 但初始投资要高于传统的钢混结构住宅，消费者往往是有限理性的，他们根据房II 价的高低作为购房首要考虑的因素。开发商则由于轻钢住宅的销售存在抗性，而 缺少开发的积极性。 解决技术难题，要依靠技术的手段。据作者长达一年的调查，发展轻钢结构 住宅的技术手段已经成熟。解决市场的难题，则要运用综合的手段。在政府的引 导和干预下，使得政府、开发商、消费者之间形成一个良性的循环，以促进这种 新型的结构体系在重庆开花结果，造福重庆市民。 关键词， 重庆 轻钢结构住宅 可行性 政策建议III Abstract Foreign research and practice show that the light steel housing system is an excellent system, with light density, fine heat insulation function, high space utilization ratio, tiny environmental pollution, and high recovery coefficient. At present, this structure is being used in villa, in some of the developed city of coastal provinces. In the background of urbanization accelerating and building economical society in Chongqing, the housing industry is being required to provide adequate houses, which are eligible. However, the exiting housing construction mode is far from the exigent housing demand bringing by urbanization and economy development. At the same time, the conflict between economy development and environment pollution become more and more serious. It has become a stumbling block in the path of economy development in Chongqing. Building economical society has been brought up to the primacy in the government command paper. The light steel housing system can easily be built in a industrial mode. The parts can be prefabricated in the factory, avoiding the inflection of bad weather, landform and so on. So the inferior rate can be reduced and the productivity can be improved. Meanwhile, new construction material and equipments, which is much environmental friendly, can easily be integrated in the system. Therefore, developing the light steel housing system meet the demand of urbanization and building economical society. It can certainly become an important embranchment in housing industrialization. Since there is no light steel housing system in Chongqing real estate market, and no experience can be use for reference, we should study the technical feasibility and market feasibility. Chongqing is the youngest municipality in China, also the only municipality in the western part of China. Promoting the light steel housing system in Chongqing is provided with a series of advantages. For example, the sustaining developing economy, the accelerating urbanization, the wise government, the healthily developing real estate market, and so on. Although compare with the conventional concrete structure system, the light steel housing system have many advantages in heat insulation and saving energy, but it doesn’t advantaged in fireproofing, sound insulation, antisepsis and so on. It should recur to the assistant material, which can increase the building cost. The weather in Chongqing is very diagusting, with hot summer, cold winter, and heavy humidity, heavyIV acidic gas. These all bring forward challenge to the light steel housing system. At the same time, the challenge also comes from the marketing aspect. The geology situation in Chongqing is better than what in the coastal areas. Manpower cost is also relatively cheap. So the advantages of the light steel housing system are difficult to show up. Second, the light steel housing system has no advantage in fireproofing, sound insulation, and antisepsis and so on. It should recur to the assistant material, which can increase the building cost. Third, though the light steel housing system has advantages in using phase, but the original investment is often higher than the conventional concrete structure system. The consumers refuse to buy this kind of house, and the developers are also cautious to this kind of house. Technological artifice is being using to resolve the technology problem. After the one-year’s investigation, the author sees that the technique is already mature. While the marketing problem needs integrated effort. We should form a well-off circle between the government, the developer, and the consumer, under the guidance and interfere of the government. We hope the light steel housing system can abloom and bear fruit in Chongqing, and bring benefits to the Chongqing People. Keywords， Chongqing, Light Steel Housing System, Feasibility, Policies Choice.V 目 录 中文摘要..................................................................................................................................I 英文摘要...............................................................................................................................III 图片目录...............................................................................................................................IX 表格目录...............................................................................................................................XI 1 绪论 .......................................................................................................................................1 1.1 课题研究的背景 ................................................................................................................1 1.1.1 城市化进程加快 ......................................................................................................... 1 1.1.2 建设资源节约型社会 ................................................................................................. 2 1.1.3 重庆建设长江上游经济中心 ..................................................................................... 3 1.2 课题研究的目的、意义和内容 ........................................................................................3 1.2.1 课题研究的目的 ......................................................................................................... 3 1.2.2 课题研究的意义 ......................................................................................................... 5 1.2.3 课题研究的内容 ......................................................................................................... 5 1.3 课题研究的技术路线 ........................................................................................................6 2 轻钢结构住宅概述 .......................................................................................................9 2.1 相关概念 ............................................................................................................................9 2.1.1 钢结构住宅 ................................................................................................................. 9 2.1.2 轻钢结构住宅 ........................................................................................................... 11 2.2 轻钢结构住宅的构造要求 ..............................................................................................12 2.2.1 轻钢结构构造的一般要求 ....................................................................................... 13 2.2.2 轻质楼盖系统 ........................................................................................................... 13 2.2.3 竖向墙体结构 ........................................................................................................... 14 2.2.4 建筑保温节能技术 ................................................................................................... 15 2.2.5 建筑防火技术 ........................................................................................................... 15 2.2.6 建筑隔声技术 ........................................................................................................... 15 2.3 轻钢结构住宅的优缺点 ..................................................................................................16 2.3.1 轻钢结构住宅的优点 ............................................................................................... 16 2.3.2 轻钢结构住宅的缺点 ............................................................................................... 19 2.4 轻钢结构住宅在国内外的应用和推广 ..........................................................................20 2.4.1 轻钢结构住宅在国外的应用 ................................................................................... 20 2.4.2 轻钢结构住宅在国内的推广 ................................................................................... 27 2.5 小结 ..................................................................................................................................33VI 3 重庆推广轻钢结构住宅的技术可行性........................................................... 35 3.1 轻钢结构住宅的节能降耗性能...................................................................................... 35 3.2 轻钢结构住宅的防火性能.............................................................................................. 36 3.3 轻钢结构住宅的隔声性能.............................................................................................. 38 3.4 轻钢结构住宅的防腐蚀性能.......................................................................................... 39 3.4.1 重庆市大气状况 ....................................................................................................... 39 3.4.2 轻钢材料锈蚀的主要类型 ....................................................................................... 41 3.4.3 轻钢材料的除锈及防锈 ........................................................................................... 41 3.5 小结.................................................................................................................................. 42 4 重庆推广轻钢结构住宅的市场可行性........................................................... 45 4.1 住宅的全寿命周期成本.................................................................................................. 45 4.1.1 住宅全寿命周期费用模型 ....................................................................................... 47 4.1.2 轻钢结构住宅与普通住宅的全寿命周期成本比较 ............................................... 49 4.2 重庆推广轻钢结构住宅的有利条件.............................................................................. 51 4.2.1 宏观经济运行良好 ................................................................................................... 52 4.2.2 城市化进程加快 ....................................................................................................... 54 4.2.3 政府运行成本更低 ................................................................................................... 55 4.2.4 房地产业健康发展 ................................................................................................... 56 4.2.5 制造业基础雄厚 ....................................................................................................... 59 4.3 重庆推广轻钢结构住宅的制约因素.............................................................................. 61 4.3.1 经济发展水平低，购买力不够 ............................................................................... 61 4.3.2 住宅消费观念比较保守 ........................................................................................... 62 4.3.3 开发商缺乏开发积极性 ........................................................................................... 63 4.4 构建市场可行性评价结构框架...................................................................................... 64 4.4.1 层次分析法（AHP）的原理 ................................................................................... 64 4.4.2 重庆推广轻钢结构住宅市场性评价结构框架 ....................................................... 65 4.4.3 指标体系的含义及测算方法 ................................................................................... 66 4.4.4 指标权重的确定——G1 法 ..................................................................................... 69 4.5 市场可行性实证研究...................................................................................................... 71 4.5.1 权重值计算结果 ....................................................................................................... 71 4.5.2 子系统评价............................................................................................................... 72 4.5.3 综合评价................................................................................................................... 74 4.6 小结.................................................................................................................................. 75 5 推广轻钢结构住宅的政策建议........................................................................... 77VII 5.1 政府干预 ..........................................................................................................................77 5.2 政府干预的政策建议 ......................................................................................................79 5.2.1 编制和完善相关的建筑技术规范、规程 ............................................................... 79 5.2.2 加强科技投入，在技术和人才上保障 ................................................................... 80 5.2.3 强化主材和附属材料的科研和生产 ....................................................................... 80 5.3 开发商的经营建议 ..........................................................................................................80 5.3.1 开发商要树立几点意识 ........................................................................................... 80 5.3.2 利用体验式营销引导消费者 ................................................................................... 81 5.4 小结 ..................................................................................................................................83 6 研究总结及后续工作展望 .....................................................................................85 6.1 研究总结 ..........................................................................................................................85 6.2 后续工作展望 ..................................................................................................................85 6.2.1 重庆市经济实力的评价体系研究 ........................................................................... 85 6.2.2 轻钢结构住宅与钢混结构住宅全寿命周期成本对比............................................ 85 6.2.3 轻钢结构住宅推广与重庆 GDP 发展水平相关性研究.......................................... 85 致谢...............................................................................................................................87