中小企业是我们国家数量最大、范围最广、最具创新活力的企业群体，之于国民经济 和社会发展具有重要的战略意义。然而，中小企业在融资方面所获得的支持很难与其所发 挥的战略作用相匹配，目前，中小企业仍面临着融资难、融资贵等问题。虽然中央和地方 政府在财政、金融、法律等各方面出台了一系列的有利措施，但也仅仅是治“标”不治“本”， 没有从根本上解决当前中小企业融资难、融资贵的问题。因此，怎样有效化解当前中小企 业融资难的问题已是摆在学者、企业、政府面前的一道重要难题。 本文立足于温州市发展实际，在全面、系统地回顾与梳理相关文献的基础上，选取 JH 公司这一典型的温州市中小企业为研究对象，采用文献分析法、案例分析法和调查研究法， 对 JH 公司的银行贷款融资问题进行系统研究。 首先，本文着重从企业经营情况、财务状况、融资特点等多维度出发，以微观视角分 析 JH 公司作为温州地区中小企业存在的银行贷款融资问题，一改原本片面地从宏观角度 剖析中小企业在银行贷款融资方面遇到的难题，进而深入分析与 JH 公司相似的中小企业 在银行贷款融资方面的问题。 其次，本文从企业内部因素和外部环境因素对 JH 公司银行贷款融资问题的原因进行 归类分析，重点从企业内部因素出发，多角度地从组织架构、融资管理、人员配备、信息 不对称、产品创新等微观视角发现企业问题所在，同时，辅以外部环境因素分析，立体化、 多维度的剖析产生问题的原因。 最后，本文针对 JH 公司银行贷款融资问题所存在的自身内部因素和外部环境因素， 总结了可供企业自身实际操作的对策建议，同时也罗列了政府部门、金融机构可以进一步 改进完善的地方。 关键词，中小企业；银行贷款融资；微观视角浙江理工大学硕士专业学位论文 II Abstract Small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) are the largest, most extensive and most innovative enterprise groups in our country, which have important strategic significance for national economic and social development. However, it is difficult for SMEs to get the support in financing to match their strategic role. At present, SMEs are still facing difficulties in financing and expensive financing. Although the central and local governments have issued a series of favorable measures in finance, finance, law and other aspects, they are only curing the benchmark and root cause, and have not fundamentally solved the current financing difficulties and expensive financing problems of small and medium-sized enterprises. Therefore, how to effectively solve the financing difficulties of SMEs is an important problem for scholars, enterprises and governments. Based on the actual development of Wenzhou, this paper reviews and combs the relevant literature comprehensively and systematically, and chooses JH company, a typical small and medium-sized enterprise in Wenzhou, as the research object. By using the methods of literature analysis, case analysis and investigation, this paper makes a systematic study on the debt financing of JH company. Firstly, this paper focuses on the business situation, financial situation, financing characteristics and other dimensions, and analyses the bank loan financing problems of JH Company as a small and medium-sized enterprise in Wenzhou from the micro-perspective, so as to change the original one-sided macro-perspective to analyze the difficulties faced by small and medium-sized enterprises in bank loan financing, and further deepen. This paper analyses the problems of bank loan financing of SMEs similar to JH Company. Secondly, this paper classifies and analyzes the causes of JH company's bank loan financing problems from the internal and external factors, focusing on the internal factors of the enterprise, and finds out the enterprise problems from the micro perspective of organizational structure, financing management, staffing, information asymmetry, product innovation and so on. Supplemented by external environmental factors, the causes of problems are analyzed in three dimensions and multi dimensions.浙江理工大学硕士专业学位论文 III Finally, aiming at the internal and external factors of JH company's bank loan financing problems, this paper summarizes the countermeasures and suggestions for the actual operation of enterprises themselves, and lists the areas where government departments and financial institutions can further improve and improve. Key Words: small and medium-sized enterprises; bank loan financing; microscopic perspective浙江理工大学硕士专业学位论文 IV 目 录 摘要...............................................................................................................................................I Abstract .........................................................................................................................................II 目 录............................................................................................................................................ IV 1 绪 论...........................................................................................................................................1 1.1 研究背景...............................................................................................................................1 1.2 研究意义...............................................................................................................................2 1.3 研究内容及框架...................................................................................................................3 1.3.1 研究内容 .....................................................................................................................3 1.3.2 研究框架 .....................................................................................................................3 1.4 研究方法...............................................................................................................................4 1.5 主要创新点...........................................................................................................................5 2 基础理论与文献综述.................................................................................................................6 2.1 研究的基础理论...................................................................................................................6 2.1.1 基本概念 .....................................................................................................................6 2.1.2 信贷缺口理论 .............................................................................................................6 2.1.3 不对称信息理论 .........................................................................................................7 2.1.4 银行贷款融资理论 .....................................................................................................7 2.1.5 资本结构理论 .............................................................................................................8 2.2 国内外研究综述...................................................................................................................9 3 JH 公司银行贷款融资现状及存在问题分析 .........................................................................14 3.1 JH 公司基本情况 ................................................................................................................14 3.1.1 JH 公司概况...............................................................................................................14 3.1.2 JH 公司经营状况.......................................................................................................14 3.1.3 JH 公司财务状况.......................................................................................................15 3.1.4 JH 公司发展前景.......................................................................................................18 3.2 JH 公司融资现状 ................................................................................................................18 3.2.1 JH 公司融资的总体概况...........................................................................................18 3.2.2 JH 公司银行贷款融资状况.......................................................................................19 3.3 JH 公司银行贷款融资存在的问题 ....................................................................................20 3.3.1 短期贷款过多，贷款融资结构不合理 ...................................................................21 3.3.2 合作银行范围过窄，过度依赖国有银行资金 .......................................................22 3.3.3 银行贷款隐性成本过高，间接推高融资成本 .......................................................22浙江理工大学硕士专业学位论文 V 3.3.4 缺乏有效抵押资产，影响企业申贷成功率 ...........................................................23 3.3.5 缺乏对贷款业务的了解，与金融市场脱节 ...........................................................24 3.3.6 高管对信用不重视，加剧企业融资难度 ...............................................................25 4 JH 公司银行贷款融资问题产生的原因分析 .........................................................................26 4.1 公司内部因素.....................................................................................................................26 4.1.1 高管金融知识匮乏，对企业缺乏融资规划 ...........................................................26 4.1.2 财务会计资料混乱，会计信息披露质量低 ...........................................................27 4.1.3 可抵押资产不足，公司继续融资受限 ...................................................................28 4.1.4 自身经营存在风险，影响银行贷款支持力度 .......................................................29 4.2 外部环境因素.....................................................................................................................30 4.2.1 中小企业贷款服务体制不健全，金融体系层次相对单一 ...................................30 4.2.2 银行存在对中小企业的歧视，导致公司获贷率偏低 ...........................................31 5 JH 公司银行贷款融资问题的对策建议..................................................................................33 5.1 加强公司内部建设.............................................................................................................33 5.1.1 理清组织架构，强化公司高管信用意识 ...............................................................33 5.1.2 合理配备财务人员，明确公司贷款融资需求 .......................................................33 5.1.3 改变抵押担保融资思路，探索新型融资渠道 .......................................................34 5.1.4 选拔金融专业人才，架构多方银行合作 ...............................................................35 5.1.5 强化金融信息敏感度，消除信息不对称现象 .......................................................36 5.1.6 加强产品创新，提升公司自身科研能力 ...............................................................37 5.2 优化外部融资环境.............................................................................................................37 5.2.1 政府完善信贷服务体制 ...........................................................................................37 5.2.2 银行机构创新融资机制 ...........................................................................................38 6 结 论.........................................................................................................................................39 6.1 研究结论.............................................................................................................................39 6.2 研究局限性.........................................................................................................................39