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2020年脑力劳动工作测量的可行性研究报告DOC

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更新时间:2021/4/19(发布于浙江)

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随着知识经济时代的到来,脑力劳动者在劳动者中的比例越来越大,对脑力劳 动者的管理进行研究十分必要。本文对脑力劳动者工作测量的理论可行性和方法可 行性进行了研究。 首先本文提出了脑力劳动最本质的特征是创造性,指出人的信息处理机制是完 成创造性劳动的最重要的机制,信息处理需求和信息处理能力的匹配决定了脑力劳 动的工作绩效。然后在论述信息处理的这种匹配机制的基础上,建立了脑力劳动测 量的分析框架。信息处理过程机制提供了人的信息处理能力,人的信息处理过程可 分为信息接收、信息加工和信息输出三个基本阶段。本研究假设三个阶段之间在时 间比例上适应“帕累托原则”,然后通过问卷调查等方法对该假设进行了验证。该 假定得到验证为脑力劳动的工作测量提供了理论依据。 同时,本文分析整理了脑力劳动工作测量的相关文献,发现工作测量的各种方 法在脑力劳动的测量中仍然可行。基于信息处理匹配机制,我们比较分析了各种工 作测量方法在不同的信息处理需求和信息处理能力的工作测量中的适用性。采取不 同的方法,可以对不同类型和变化程度的工作机制进行有效测量。最后,为了比较 各种方法的可接受程度,我们对实际应用较多、有代表性的间接工作测量方法进行 了问卷调查,研究结果部分证实了我们从文献分析中归纳的结论。 关键词,脑力劳动 工作测量 信息处理II Abstract With the era of knowledge economy approaching, the number of knowledge workers is increasing, therefore, it is necessary to study the management of these employees. This paper, therefore, is to argue that the application of work measurement into mental work is feasible in theory and methods. The essence of mental work is innovation and human information processing is its primary mechanism. The fit of information processing requirement and capacity determines the performance of mental work. Based on the discussion of the fit mechanism, the paper found a framework of the measurement of mental work. The process of information processing supplies its capacity. Human information processing consists of three basic stages, namely, information input, information processing and information output. We assumed that the time ratio among the stages complies for the “Pareto Principle”. We conducted a questionnaire to test the above assumption. The validation of the assumption supports the measurement of mental work theoretically. On the other hand, relevant literature also showed different work measurement methods were applied into the white collar’s jobs. Guided by fit mechanism of information processing, this paper compared work measurement methods in different contexts. Different methods could measure work of variable types and ranges. In addition, questionnaire census was made to investigate employee’s acceptable degree toward popular indirect work measurement methods and the results verified the assumptions. Key Words: Mental Work Work Measurement Information ProcessingIII 目 录 摘要...................................................................................................................................I ABSTRACT.............................................................................................................................II 1 绪 论............................................................................................................................1 1.1 研究的背景与动机...................................................................................................2 1.2 研究的意义...............................................................................................................5 1.3 研究的预期目标........................................................................................................8 1.4 研究的范围和限制....................................................................................................9 1.5 研究思路、内容和技术路线..................................................................................10 2 脑力劳动工作测量的研究现状..................................................................................14 2.1 脑力劳动的定义和范围..........................................................................................14 2.2 工作测量的定义和范围..........................................................................................17 2.3 脑力劳动的工作测量相关研究..............................................................................18 2.4 相关的脑力劳动生产率研究..................................................................................26 2.5 其他研究视角和国内相关研究..............................................................................29 3 脑力劳动工作测量的理论可行性..............................................................................31 3.1 人的信息处理匹配机制..........................................................................................31 3.2 脑力劳动的信息处理过程机制..............................................................................42 3.3 两个“帕累托假设”的提出及验证......................................................................44 3.4 本章小结.................................................................................................................49 4 脑力劳动工作测量方法可行性研究..........................................................................51IV 4.1 工作测量方法概述..................................................................................................51 4.2 工作测量方法适用性分析......................................................................................52 4.3 脑力劳动工作测量方法的认可度..........................................................................56 4.4 本章小结.................................................................................................................64 5 全文总结与研究展望..................................................................................................66 5.1 全文总结..................................................................................................................66 5.2 研究展望.................................................................................................................67 致谢................................................................................................................................69