- II - 摘要 页岩油藏的勘探开发已经成为如今的热门领域，国外页岩油藏勘探开发特别 是以北美为主的区域已经取得了巨大的成功，而我国页岩油藏的勘探开发却处于 刚刚起步阶段。页岩油藏衰竭开发方式下单井产量低、产量递减快、采收率低等 特点，同时国内外油气藏的勘探开发呈现由常规油气藏、低渗油气藏、致密页岩 油气藏的由易到难趋势，因此页岩油藏具有较大的提高采收率的潜力，今后也必 将成为学者研究的重点。 本文对比分析了国内外页岩油藏储层特征及页岩油藏与致密油藏的异同，根 据 E 页岩油藏参数建立数值模型，模拟页岩油藏衰竭开发指标，对页岩油藏相关 参数进行敏感性分析，确定不同参数下页岩油藏开发特点和影响因子大小。页岩 储层的孔渗极低且页岩脆性较高，传统的注水开发会引起页岩的膨胀而无法有效 的开采储层原油。而注气开发具有独特的开发优势多被采用，通过对比注气开发、 CO 2 吞吐开发等提高采收率的方式，分析不同生产参数对于页岩油藏开发的影响， 确定页岩油藏不同渗透率下有效的开发方式，优化各个方法的参数，为我国页岩 油藏的开发提供参考。 关键词：页岩油藏；开发方式；注气开发；CO 2 吞吐ABSTRACT - III - Feasibility Study on Effective Development Mode of Shale Oil Reservoir ABSTRACT The exploration and development of shale oil reservoir has become a hot spot and it has been a great success in North America. However, the exploration and development of shale oil reservoir in China is just in its infancy. Due to the low productivity and low oil recovery rate of shale oil reservoir, it has the potential to improve oil recovery. There is a lack of mature measures to enhance oil recovery of shale reservoir. Therefore, it is necessary to study the characteristics of shale oil reservoir development and EOR method. In this paper, compare the characteristics of shale reservoirs and the similarities and differences between shale and tight reservoirs. Based on the E shale reservoir parameters, a conceptual model was developed to simulate the depletion index. The development characteristics and influencing factors of shale reservoir under different parameters are determined according to the sensitivity analysis of the basic parameters of the shale oil reservoir. Because of the low permeability, porosity and high brittleness of shale reservoir, the traditional water flooding development will cause the expansion of shale and can’t effectively exploit reservoir oil. Through the comparison of natural gas injection and CO 2 huff-n-puff, analysis of development characteristics under different production conditions, we determine the development mode of the shale oil reservoir under different permeability and improve the reference for the development of Chinese shale oil reservoir. Key Words：Shale oil；Development mode；Gas flooding；CO 2 huff-n-puff目 录 - IV - 目 录 硕士学位报告独创性声明.......................................................................................I 硕士学位报告版权使用授权书...............................................................................I 摘要..................................................................................................................II ABSTRACT .......................................................................................................... III 第 1 章 绪论.......................................................................................................... 1 1.1 研究目的与意义..................................................................................... 1 1.2 国内外研究现状..................................................................................... 2 1.2.1 页岩油藏定义和基本特征 ......................................................... 2 1.2.2 页岩油藏赋存方式和产出机理 ................................................. 3 1.2.3 页岩油气和致密油气异同 ......................................................... 3 1.2.4 国内外页岩油藏开发技术对策 ................................................. 7 1.3 研究内容及技术思路............................................................................... 9 1.3.1 主要研究内容 ............................................................................. 9 1.3.2 技术路线 ..................................................................................... 9 第 2 章 页岩油藏衰竭开发方式研究................................................................ 11 2.1 页岩油藏开发技术............................................................................... 11 2.2 数值模型的建立和历史拟合............................................................... 12 2.2.1 数值方法概述 ........................................................................... 12 2.2.2 油藏基本特征参数 ................................................................... 14 2.3 页岩油藏衰竭开发效果评价............................................................... 17 2.4 模型敏感性分析................................................................................... 19 2.4.1 裂缝半长 ................................................................................... 19 2.4.2 裂缝间距 ................................................................................... 22 2.4.3 基质渗透率 ............................................................................... 24 2.4.4 基质孔隙度 ............................................................................... 26 2.4.5 岩石压缩系数 ........................................................................... 28 2.4.6 井底流压 ................................................................................... 30 2.5 页岩油藏敏感性影响因子大小确定................................................... 32 2.6 本章小结............................................................................................... 34目 录 - V - 第 3 章 页岩油藏注气开发可行性研究............................................................ 35 3.1 注气开发模拟方法............................................................................... 35 3.2 连续注气开发可行性研究................................................................... 36 3.3 循环注气开发可行性研究................................................................... 39 3.3.1 循环注气开发方式简介 ........................................................... 39 3.3.2 循环注气开发效果评价 ........................................................... 40 3.3.3 循环注气生产参数研究 ........................................................... 43 3.4 不同渗透率下循环注气开发效果分析............................................... 44 3.5 本章小结............................................................................................... 44 第 4 章 页岩油藏 CO 2 吞吐开发可行性研究 ................................................... 46 4.1 CO 2 吞吐开发效果评价....................................................................... 46 4.2 CO 2 吞吐参数优化研究....................................................................... 49 4.2.1 注入时间 ................................................................................... 49 4.2.2 焖井时间 ................................................................................... 50 4.2.3 生产时间 ................................................................................... 50 4.3 不同渗透率下 CO 2 吞吐开发效果...................................................... 51 4.4 不同开发方式对比分析....................................................................... 52 4.5 本章小结............................................................................................... 53 第 5 章 结 论................................................................................................ 54