........................................................................................................................................................I ABSTRACT ......................................................................................................................................... III 第一章 绪 论...............................................................................................................................1 1.1 前言................................................................................................................................................1 1.2 课题研究的对象 ............................................................................................................................1 1.2.1 农田废弃物------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 1 1.3 选题的意义和目的 ......................................................................................................................2 1.3.1 选题意义---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 2 1.3.2 选题目的---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 3 1.4 国内外秸秆综合利用技术方案及产业发展状况 .......................................................................3 1.4.1 能源利用技术 --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 3 1.4.2 工业原料利用技术 --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 4 1.4.3 农业利用技术 --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 5 1.5 现有秸秆综合利用方案存在的主要问题 ....................................................................................7 1.5.1 秸秆还田的农机推广困难------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 7 1.5.2 秸杆栽培食用菌存在的问题--------------------------------------------------------------------------- 7 1.5.3 秸秆饲料化养畜存在很多问题------------------------------------------------------------------------ 7 1.5.4 秸秆能源化存在的问题 --------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 8 1.5.6 其他方面存在的问题 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 8 1.6 研究内容 ......................................................................................................................................8 1.7 研究路线 .....................................................................................................................................10 1.8 本章小结 .....................................................................................................................................11 第二章 奉贤区相关背景数据..............................................................................................................12 2.1 奉贤区农作物相关数据 ..............................................................................................................15 2.1.1 小麦、大麦、油菜、水稻田 -------------------------------------------------------------------------15 2.1.2 果园--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------15 2.1.3 经济林-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------15 2.1.4 蔬菜--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------16 2.2 农田生物质废弃物调查 ..............................................................................................................16 2.2.1 农田地块基本情况调查 --------------------------------------------------------------------------------16 2.2.2 农田生物质废弃物调查 --------------------------------------------------------------------------------21 2.3 奉贤区农田废弃物总量 ..............................................................................................................23 2.3.1 奉贤区草谷比--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------232.3.2 奉贤区秸秆产量 ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------24 2.4 本章小结......................................................................................................................................24 第三章 奉贤农田废弃物能源化与工业原料化利用方案 ..................................................................25 3.1 秸秆气化炉技术 ........................................................................................................................25 3.1.1 秸秆气化炉 -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------25 3.1.2 庄行镇秸秆气化炉方案设计 -------------------------------------------------------------------------28 3.1.3 庄行镇秸秆气化炉方案经济分析-------------------------------------------------------------------33 3.2 秸秆发酵制沼气技术 .................................................................................................................35 3.2.1 秸秆沼气技术 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------35 3.2.2 庄行镇秸秆发酵制沼气方案设计.........................................................................................39 3.2.3 庄行镇秸秆发酵制沼气方案经济分析.................................................................................42 3.3 秸秆燃烧发电技术 .....................................................................................................................43 3.3.1 秸秆燃烧发电 --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------43 3.3.2 庄行镇秸秆燃烧发电方案设计 ----------------------------------------------------------------------45 3.4 秸秆发酵制乙醇技术 .................................................................................................................45 3.4.1 秸秆发酵制乙醇 ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------45 3.4.2 庄行镇秸秆发酵制乙醇方案设计-------------------------------------------------------------------48 3.4.3 庄行镇秸秆发酵制乙醇方案经济分析-------------------------------------------------------------51 3.5 方案比较与选择 ..........................................................................................................................53 3.5.1 方案比较---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------53 3.5.2 选择结果--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------55 3.6 本章小结......................................................................................................................................55 第四章 奉贤农田废弃物资源化利用方案设计................................................................................56 4.1 总体方案设计..............................................................................................................................56 4.2 秸秆发酵制备燃料乙醇项目 ---------------------------------------------------------------------------58 4.2.1 秸秆发酵制备燃料乙醇工艺路线-------------------------------------------------------------------58 4.2.2 秸秆发酵制备燃料乙醇方案投资估算-------------------------------------------------------------59 4.3 其他生物质废弃物发酵制沼气项目 ..........................................................................................59 4.3.1 沼气产量及反应器选择 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------59 4.3.2 沼液、沼渣产量计算及利用 -------------------------------------------------------------------------61 4.3.3 工艺流程设计 --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------61 4.3.4 各工艺环节的参数计算 --------------------------------------------------------------------------------62 4.3.5 项目土建和设备概况 -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------65 4.4 污水污泥回收处理项目..............................................................................................................66 4.4.1 污泥亚临界水热处理工艺流程 ----------------------------------------------------------------------66 4.4.2 项目土建和设备概况 ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------67 4.5 方案的经济、环境、社会效益 ..................................................................................................684.5.1 经济效益---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------68 4.5.2 总体设计方案与乙醇、沼气单一方案的经济效益比较 ---------------------------------------69 4.5.3 环境效益评价--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------70 4.5.4 社会效益评价--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------72 4.6 总体方案的规划设计 ..................................................................................................................72 4.6.1 总体技术规划 --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------72 4.6.2 总体现场布局 --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------73 4.7 本章小结-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------76 第五章 总结..........................................................................................................................................77 5.1 结论..............................................................................................................................................77 5.2 建议..............................................................................................................................................78