本报告介绍了我国印染行业的用水和排水状况，针对我国印染行业面临的形势和 挑战，研究了国内外印染废水的处理及回用技术。在此基础上，提出了课题的研究内 容和方法。同时，介绍了絮凝-生化-吸附法，较为系统地研究了这三个单项工艺处理 废水的反应机理、影响因素及组合工艺废水处理；并将处理后的出水回用于生产中， 分析其回用的可行性。 本文主要实验内容包括： 1．在絮凝处理单元，通过比较硫酸亚铁、硫酸铁、明矾、PAM 四种混凝剂对废 水的处理效果，确定絮凝处理阶段采用硫酸亚铁和明矾为复合絮凝剂，PAM 为助凝剂； 通过实验确定复合絮凝剂和助凝剂的用量，在此基础上研究了静置沉降时间、pH 值 及搅拌速度和搅拌时间等因素对絮凝法处理效果的影响规律；选取了对絮凝沉降效果 影响较大的四个因素进行正交优化，得出了处理该废水的最佳工艺条件为：以 PAM 为助凝剂，浓度为 0.2g/L，复合絮凝剂的浓度为 2.6g/L，其中 FeSO 4 的浓度为 1.1g/L， KAl(SO 4 ) 2 ·12H 2 O 的浓度为 1.5g/L，搅拌速度为 240r/min，静置沉降时间为 60min， 反应体系初始 pH 值为 10。在上述最佳工艺条件下处理实际印染废水，测得处理后 CODcr 去除率为 78.2%，脱色率为 78%。 2．通过实验证实水解酸化是印染废水处理重要的处理单元，该单元对环境条件 的要求不高，仅水力停留时间对其运行影响较大，但印染废水通过水解酸化处理后能 提高可生化性，有利于后续的好氧处理，减少了负荷冲击，使出水水质稳定；通过实 验可知水力停留时间、pH、溶解氧、营养物的控制等因素对生物接触运行效果有直 接影响。 3．在炉渣过滤单元，选取了对炉渣过滤处理效果影响的三个因素：炉渣粒度、 停留时间、炉渣厚度进行实验。结果表明，炉渣的粒径越小、渣层越厚、控制废水流 经炉渣时间在 35-50 min 时，对废水的处理效果越明显。在实验条件下，废水经过炉 渣层处理后，可削减 COD 71％以上，削减色度 100%，削减 SS 84％以上。4．在将回用水用于生产工艺试验研究中，回用水用于染整生产工艺的前处理工 序中具有比较好的处理效果，有一定的可行性。而在染整工艺染色工序中，主要对织 物的颜色指标和染色牢度进行了比较。由结果分析，该回用水是可以应用于染整生产 工艺中的，但是其对染色性能和牢度的影响随染料而异，主要表现在染色织物的颜色 指标方面的变化；用回用水染色织物，染色的色差比较大，两种不同水质染色的情况 下，深色织物的效果优于浅色织物。在织物的染色牢度测试中，回用水的染色均达到 了较好的效果，说明相对于织物的颜色指标，水质的不同品质对于染色后织物的牢度 指标影响比较小。将回用水用于染整生产工艺前处理工序是可行的，在染色工序中， 对于深色织物的印染，其质量差异很难通过肉眼分辨，但用于浅色织物的印染，还需 要有待进一步研究。 关键词：印染废水；絮凝；生化；炉渣；回用 作 者：朱 萍 指导老师：唐人成 陆同庆The Research on flocculation - biochemical - adsorption Treatment and Feasibility of Printing and Dyeing Wastewater Abstract The thesis introduces the status of water depending and draining in textile printing and dyeing industry, studied the treatment and recycling technologies at home and abroad, according to the situation and challenge of our country. On this basis, proposes the contents and methods of the study. At the same time, introduces flocculation - biochemical - adsorption, and systematically studied their reaction mechanism, influencing factors, and combined process wastewater treatment; And then Treated effluent will be reused in production, analyzing the feasibility of its reuse. The main contents of experimental research are as follow: 1. Comparing with the treatment efficiency of self-mixing dyeing wastewater after using FeSO 4 , Fe 2 (SO 4 ) 3 , KAL(SO 4 ) 2 .12H 2 O, PAM four kind of coagulants, it was determined that FeSO 4 and KAL(SO 4 ) 2 .12H 2 O were chosen to be coagulant and PAM to be helping coagulant. Studying the effect of sedimentation time, pH, stirring speed and stirring time on the flocculation treatment Based on ShPaley value. To the coagulation sedimentation part, four factors obviously effecting coagulation reaction were selected to proceed orthogonal experiment. The optimization technologic parameter of that wastewater were determined to be : amount of PAM is 0.2g / L, and density of compound coagulant is 2.6g / L, thereinto, FeSO 4 is 1.1g / L, KAL(SO 4 ) 2 .12H 2 O is 1.5g / L, the mixing speed is 240r/min, sedimentation time is 60min, the initial pH value is 10. Under such condition, the removed rate of CODcr and chroma are respectively 78.2% and 78%. 2. Hydrolytic acidification experiments confirm the importance of dyeing wastewater treatment unit, the modules do not require a high level of environmental conditions, only HRT has a greater impact on their operations, but by hydrolysis and acid dyeingwastewater can be improved after biodegradability conductive to the follow-up treatment, the reduction of load impact on drinking-water stability. Through experimental research hydraulic retention time, Ph, COD volumetric loading, DO, concentration and other factors have direct impacts on the effect of bio-contact operation. 3. To the slag filter part, a conclusion can be drawn after experimenting the slag particle size, residence time, slag thickness of three effective factors. The smaller slag particle size is and the thicker slag layer (slag time in the 35-50 min) is, the more obvious effects of wastewater treatment is. Under the experimental conditions, COD can be reduced by 71%. Chroma by 100%, SS by 84% through the slag layer processing. 4. In experiment, when the wastewater is used in forepart treatment process, a better result is acquired and also it is feasibility. In the studying of dyeing process of the whole technology, the color Indicators and dye fastness of the fabric are studied chiefly. The result indicates that the wastewater can be reused in dyeing production process, but it should be according to the different kinds of the dyes. The dark and light degrees have a great effect on fabric aberration. In the situation with treatment of different water, the effect of dark fabric is better than light one. In the experiment of dye fastness, the dyeing of wastewater has reached good results, indicating that in relation to the color characteristic of fabric, the different qualities of water have litter effect on fabric dye fastness. It is feasibility that the wastewater is reused in dyeing process. and in the whole process in dyeing, it is difficult to distinguish the quality of fabric in printing and dyeing dark fabric only by naked eyes .But it should be further studied in printing and dyeing the light one. Keywords: dyeing wastewater; flocculation; biochemistry; slag; recycling Written by ZHU Ping Supervised by Tong Rencheng LU Tong-qing目 录 第一章 绪 论....................................................................................................................1 1.1 我国纺织印染业发展..............................................................................................1 1.2 印染废水的特征 .........................................................................................................2 1.2.1 印染废水的来源...................................................................................................2 1.2.2 印染废水的特点...................................................................................................2 1.2.3 印染废水化学成分探析.......................................................................................3 1.3 印染废水的危害 ..........................................................................................................3 1.4 印染废水治理的必要性 .............................................................................................4 1.5 纺织印染废水排放现状 .............................................................................................5 1.6 国家对印染废水排放标准控制的政策要求 .............................................................6 第二章 国内外印染废水处理及回用现状........................................................................8 2.1 我国水资源现状 .........................................................................................................8 2.2 印染行业用水概况 .....................................................................................................9 2.3 印染废水回用研究特点 ............................................................................................10 2.4 印染废水回用标准 ................................................................................................... 11 2.5 国内外印染废水处理技术现状及进展 ................................................................... 11 2.5.1 国内外印染废水处理的主要方法..................................................................... 11 2.6 印染废水回用存在问题 ...........................................................................................18 2.7 课题提出和主要研究内容 .......................................................................................18 第三章 絮凝-生化-吸附法处理印染废水的应用研究...................................................19 3.1 印染废水处理工艺设计 ............................................................................................19 3.1.1 处理达到的水质标准..........................................................................................19 3.1.2 印染废水工艺的选择..........................................................................................19 3.1.3 实验测定方法......................................................................................................203.2 絮凝沉降处理印染废水的应用研究 .......................................................................20 3.2.1 絮凝沉降原理.....................................................................................................20 3.2.2 影响絮凝效果的因素.........................................................................................20 3.2.3 絮凝剂的研究进展.............................................................................................22 3.2.4 实验部分.............................................................................................................23 3.2.5 实验结果与讨论.................................................................................................24 3.2.6 絮凝法影晌因素的正交优化试验.....................................................................31 3.3 生化处理印染废水的实验研究 ...............................................................................36 3.3.1 实验原理.............................................................................................................36 3.3.2 实验过程与方法.................................................................................................37 3.4 炉渣处理印染废水实验 ...........................................................................................44 3.4.1 炉渣的化学组成和物理特性.............................................................................44 3.4.2 炉渣处理废水机理.............................................................................................46 3.4.3 影响炉渣处理效果因素.....................................................................................47 3.4.4 实验过程与方法..................................................................................................48 3.4.5 实验过程与分析讨论..........................................................................................48 3.4.6 最佳实验条件的验证..........................................................................................50 3.4.7 炉渣的吸附容量或使用周期..............................................................................51 第四章 印染废水回用可行性分析试验..........................................................................53 4.1 试验概况及目的 .......................................................................................................53 4.1.1 回用水水质比较.................................................................................................53 4.1.2 布面质量效果比较.............................................................................................54 4.2 试验内容的确定 .......................................................................................................55 4.2.1 试验用水工艺的确定.........................................................................................55 4.2.2 染色方式的确定.................................................................................................57 4.2.3 试验用水的确定.................................................................................................58 4.3 试验结果与讨论 .......................................................................................................58 4.3.1 布面质量效果结果.............................................................................................584.3.2 布面质量效果结果讨论.....................................................................................60 第五章 结 论..................................................................................................................63 5.1 结论 ...........................................................................................................................63 5.2 不足和设想 ...............................................................................................................64