改革开放以来，我国不断深化国有企业改革，积极推动国有经济的发展，大型国 有企业迎来了高速发展的机遇。但同时，我国大型建筑施工企业面临着国际市场和国 内市场的挑战，只有通过增强自身的综合竞争实力，才有可能在激烈的竞争环境中存 活下去。而建筑施工企业的核心竞争实力，又来源于强大的人才队伍建设，必须具备 一套合理、高效的人力资源管理机制。绩效考核作为一种行之有效的人力资源管理手 段，是保障企业内部管理机制正常运转和实现企业既定经营目标所必须的一种企业管 理行为。企业是否健康发展，取决于人绩效考核管理在企业管理中受重视的程度，如 何提高绩效考核管理的水平，建立一套科学的、适用于企业自有特性的、可实施的绩 效考核系统成为目前企业亟需解决的问题。中铁 X 局集团 Y 项目部近年来虽然取得了 一定的成绩，但是绩效考核部分仍浮于表面，对于一线员工积极性不高、部分一线员 工对绩效考核满意程度不足等问题，未能很好的对项目一线员工进行管理。 本论文在充分分析行业特征和中铁X局集团Y项目部一线员工绩效考核现状的基 础上，对中铁 X 局一线员工绩效考核的相关问题进行了问卷调查，根据大部分员工对 既有的绩效管理体系满意度低的现状，分析了公司目前对一线员工绩效考核体系中存 在的不足。针对既有的这些问题，运用关键绩效指标（KPI）与平衡计分卡（BSC）等 多种绩效管理方法，理论联系实际，按照公司绩效管理的现状和存在的问题、问题的 成因分析，对国有建筑施工企业项目一线员工绩效考核的体系设计提出了基本思路。 然后，在绩效考核构建层面明确了设计思路和基本内容、有效实施所需要的保障，并 以此为依据形成了系统、完整的绩效考核机制，以此促进项目一线员工绩效的提升， 从而实现公司的高速发展战略。本研究也希望能够为国内外同行业企业在在对一线员 工进行绩效考核管理时，提供一定的借鉴意义。 关键词，一线员工；绩效考核；指标体系III Abstract With the process of reform and opening up, China has continuously deepened the reform of state-owned enterprises and actively promoted the development of state-owned economy. Large state-owned enterprises have ushered in a moment of rapid development. But at the same time, the large-scale railway construction enterprises in China are facing the challenges of the international and domestic markets. Only by strengthening their comprehensive competitive strength can they survive in the fierce competitive environment. The core competitive strength of the enterprises comes from the strong reserve of talents and the rational and efficient human resources management mechanism. Performance appraisal, as an effective means of human resources management, is a necessary enterprise management behavior to ensure the normal operation of enterprise internal management mechanism and achieve the established business objectives. Whether the enterprise develops healthily depends on the degree to which people pay attention to performance appraisal management in enterprise management, how to improve the level of performance appraisal management and how to establish a scientific and appropriate system. The performance appraisal system, which can be implemented for the enterprise's own characteristics, has become an urgent problem for enterprises to solve at present. Based on the full analysis of the industry characteristics and the current situation of performance appraisal of the front-line employees in Y Project Department of China Railway X Bureau Group, this paper investigates the satisfaction of the front-line employees'performance appraisal system of China Railway X Bureau. According to the low satisfaction of most employees to the existing performance management system, it analyses the deficiencies of the company's current performance appraisal system for front-line employees. In view of the existing problems, through the use of key performance indicators (KPI), Balanced Scorecard (BSC), target management (MBO) and other performance management means, combining theory with practice, according to theIV company's performance management status and existing problems, the causes of the problem analysis, the basic ideas of the project front-line staff performance appraisal system design are put forward, in the performance appraisal construction layer. On the basis of this, a systematic and complete performance appraisal mechanism for front-line employees has been formed to promote the performance of front-line employees and realize the company's high-speed development strategy. At the same time, I hope to provide a theoretical basis for the domestic enterprises in the same industry in the performance appraisal management of front-line employees. Keywords，Front-line staff; Performance appraisal; Indicator system目录 致谢........................................................................................................................................I 摘要......................................................................................................................................II Abstract............................................................................................................................III 第 1 章 绪论..........................................................................................................................1 1.1 研究背景与研究意义.....................................................................................................1 1.1.1 研究背景.................................................................................................................1 1.1.2 研究目的.................................................................................................................3 1.1.3 研究意义.................................................................................................................4 1.2 国内外研究现状.............................................................................................................5 1.2.1 国外研究现状.........................................................................................................5 1.2.2 国内研究现状.........................................................................................................7 1.2.3 国内外研究现状评述.............................................................................................9 1.3 研究内容及基本框架..................................................................................................10 1.3.1 研究内容...............................................................................................................10 1.3.2 基本框架...............................................................................................................11 1.4 研究方法与创新点......................................................................................................12 1.4.1 研究方法...............................................................................................................12 1.4.2 创新点...................................................................................................................12 第 2 章 相关理论概述........................................................................................................13 2.1 绩效考核相关理论.......................................................................................................13 2.1.1 绩效管理与绩效考核...........................................................................................13 2.1.2 绩效考核的目的...................................................................................................14 2.1.3 绩效考核的内容...................................................................................................15 2.1.4 绩效考核的方法...................................................................................................16 2.2 激励相关理论...............................................................................................................18 2.2.1 激励相关理论.......................................................................................................19 2.2.2 员工激励与绩效考核的关联...............................................................................20第 3 章 中铁 X 局 Y 项目部外部环境分析........................................................................21 3.1 中铁 X 局经营现状及人员概况...................................................................................21 3.1.1 中铁 X 局简介.......................................................................................................21 3.1.2 企业经营现状.......................................................................................................23 3.1.3 企业人员基本情况...............................................................................................24 3.1.4 Y 项目部情况简介...............................................................................................25 3.2 中铁 X 局 Y 项目部宏观环境分析...............................................................................27 3.2.1 法律因素...............................................................................................................27 3.2.2 经济因素...............................................................................................................28 3.2.3 社会因素...............................................................................................................28 3.2.4 科技因素...............................................................................................................29 3.3 中铁 X 局 Y 项目部的行业环境分析...........................................................................29 3.3.1 同行业竞争对手分析..........................................................................................29 3.3.2 潜在竞争者进入能力分析..................................................................................30 3.3.3 替代品的替代能力分析......................................................................................31 3.3.4 供应商讨价还价能力分析..................................................................................31 3.3.5 购买者讨价还价能力分析..................................................................................32 3.4 本章小结.......................................................................................................................32 第 4 章 中铁 X 局 Y 项目部一线员工绩效考核现状与问题分析....................................34 4.1 中铁 X 局 Y 项目部一线员工绩效考核现状...............................................................34 4.1.1 绩效考核的主体和对象.......................................................................................34 4.1.2 绩效考核的内容...................................................................................................34 4.1.3 绩效考核的方法...................................................................................................35 4.2 绩效考核体系问题调查...............................................................................................37 4.3 中铁 X 局 Y 项目部一线员工绩效问题分析...............................................................42 4.3.1 绩效考核体系指标设置不科学...........................................................................42 4.3.2 绩效管理与项目管理目标脱节...........................................................................43 4.3.3 缺乏考核激励机制...............................................................................................44 4.3.4 考核反馈机制不足...............................................................................................444.4 考核问题产生的原因...................................................................................................45 4.5 本章小结.......................................................................................................................47 第 5 章 中铁 X 局 Y 项目部一线员工绩效考核优化设计................................................48 5.1 优化总体思路...............................................................................................................48 5.1.1 绩效考核优化原则...............................................................................................48 5.1.2 绩效考核优化目标...............................................................................................48 5.1.3 绩效考核流程优化思路.......................................................................................49 5.2 绩效考核整体设计方案...............................................................................................51 5.2.1 Y 项目部一线员工绩效考核体系设计...............................................................51 5.2.2 Y 项目部一线员工绩效考核指标设计...............................................................55 5.2.3 Y 项目部一线员工绩效考核激励设计...............................................................58 5.3 绩效考核问题的解决...................................................................................................59 5.3.1 绩效考核体系指标设置科学合理......................................................................59 5.3.2 绩效管理与项目管理目标紧密相关..................................................................59 5.3.3 加强考核激励机制..............................................................................................60 5.3.4 加强考核反馈机制..............................................................................................60 5.4 本章小结.......................................................................................................................61 第 6 章 中铁 X 局 Y 项目部一线员工绩效考核实施与保障............................................62 6.1 绩效考核的实施计划...................................................................................................62 6.2 绩效考核的实施困难...................................................................................................63 6.3 绩效考核的保障措施...................................................................................................64 6.3.1 设置专业考核团队...............................................................................................65 6.3.2 开发绩效考核管理系统.......................................................................................65 6.3.3 规范绩效考核管理制度.......................................................................................66 6.3.4 绩效考核实施计划和进度...................................................................................66 6.4 本章小结.......................................................................................................................66 第 7 章 结论与展望............................................................................................................68 7.1 结论...............................................................................................................................68 7.2 研究不足.......................................................................................................................697.3 未来研究展望...............................................................................................................69