Motivation: the willingness to exert high levels of effort toward organizational goals,conditioned by the effort’s ability to satisfy some individual need Need:some internal state that makes certain outcomes appear attractive Process:unsatisfied need---tension---drives---search behavior---satisfied need----reduction of tension Class 5. Motivation Theory §5.2 Early theory of Motivation　The 1950s were a fruitful period in the development of motivation concepts.3 specific theories were formulated during this time 1.Hierarchy of Needs Theory　　 Abraham Maslow There is a hierarchy of 5 needs---physiological, safety,social,esteem,& self-actualization---and as each need is sequentially satisfied,the next need becomes dominant Separation:Lower　order needs---needs that are satisfied externally; physiological & safety needs review:1.intuitively logical,ease of understanding, receiving wide recognition, particularly among practicing managers.　2.little empirical support ......