高浓度酸染料废水具有浓度高、色度深、含盐量高的特点，属于极难处 理的工业有机废水。这种废水的高含盐量给生化处理带来严重的问题，高浓 度下废水的脱盐是人们长期关注的的热点，本文旨在尝试一种除盐的可行性 方案。 本文在简要概括染料工业现状及所研究染料废水的特点的基础上，重点 围绕染料废水中的高含盐量的去除技术进行了分析。本报告选取浙江某染料 生产厂生产分散染料废水，在前期研究工作的基础上，通过实验，以电渗析 （ED 膜）为脱盐手段，探索了为适应高酸度废水条件下的脱盐预处理方法 进行研究，最终确定的工艺为，原水 → MgO 中和 → Fe 还原反应 → Fe/C 电解 → 吸附混凝 → 出水。试验中，MgO 中和单元降低废水酸度，同时 脱除其部分硫酸盐；通过铁还原反应和铁碳微电解反应去除废水色度和削减 COD Cr ；吸附混凝单元进一步去除废水色度，降低硫酸盐含量，削减 COD Cr 。 通过试验确定最佳试验参数，达到设计方案的出水要求，使原水由 COD Cr 为 10000mg/L 降低为小于 4000mg/L，色度由 2000 倍降为 50 倍，中性盐的 去除率为 15.9%。 在上述预处理的基础上，利用电渗析仪法进行了脱盐可行性研究。在相 对稳定的电流电压下进行了电渗析脱盐试验。分别对脱盐后各股（浓水、极 水、淡水）出水检测含盐量，经过试验测得在 34min 时除盐量达到稳定，其 除盐率为 51.9%。COD Cr 下降了约 50%。 在小试脱盐实验和运行效果分析的基础上，进行了中试试验验证上述预 处理方案的可行性，并根据现场中试的情况调整处理工艺流程，使其运行合II 理而可靠。在脱盐前预处理试验实际中试运行中，在 ED 膜脱盐运行了 14h 后，废水的总脱盐率达到 62.8%，COD Cr 下降了 25.3%；同时脱盐交换水含 盐量增加了约 2.7 倍；而脱盐极水含盐量变化不大。为了进一步优化膜的阻 塞问题在第二阶段中试试验中增加曝气氧化处理单元，最终使脱盐率达到了 72.1%，同时试验了极水浓度的合理分置，达到了预处理的要求。为工程化 设计提供数据支撑。 关键词，染料废水，除盐工艺，电渗析，ED 膜法DESALTING FEASIBILITY OF THE HIGH CONCENTEATION ACID DYE WASTEWATER ABSTRACT This study selected high concentration acid dye waste water as the research object. The waster water has high concentration, deep color, and high salt content. It is very difficult to deal with industrial organic wastewater. In our country, the environmental pollution is extremely serious, to the industrial production has brought large economic losses, this kind of wastewater management job is strengthened urgently. This paper aims at studying a set of mature desalting process. The first chapter briefly generalizes the current situation of dye industry and studies on dye wastewater characteristics. And then it selectes the corresponding processing method, namely it provides research basis for the research. In this study, a focus of the work is also in the removal of dyes from wastewater in high salt content. Therefore, this paper expounds what is currently used in the industrial production of various salt for the research use. The high concentration and high acid dye wastewater in the study is derived from a Zhejiang dye production wastewater treatment factory, is to achieve the factory processing requirements. The second chapter mainly introduces the high concentration and high acid dye wastewater by the bench test and the pilot test method. The high concentration and high acid dye wastewater is difficult to use a single itself independent processing method for direct processing, so, the best optimum combination should be selected to satisfy industrial production needs in the process followed. The preliminary determination of small-scale test steps are from water to MgO and from Fe to Fe / C electrolysis, adsorption, water coagulation. Tests on MgO and unit reduces the acidity of wastewater, simultaneous removal of part of its salt; through the iron reduction and ironIV carbon micro electrolysis reaction removal from wastewater chroma and reduce COD Cr ; the adsorption coagulation unit further removal of wastewater chroma, reduces the salinity, reduces COD Cr. Through the test to determine the optimal experimental conditions, reach the design scheme effluent requirements : chroma is 50 times, the value of COD Cr is 4450mg / L,and the removal rate salt is 15.9%. From the experimental results and the operation of desalting effect can be seen, the selected process of this experiment is feasible. The next step for the first stage test, the validation pretreatment scheme is feasible, and according to the field test condition the process is adjusted to the reasonable and reliable operation. In the practice in trial operation of desalination pretreatment testing, because large amounts of viscous substance SS contained in the dispersing dye concentration waste water have cover on the shavings scrap iron surface, they greatly reduces waste filler and effective contact area and has hindered the microcell electron transfer between the iron carbon micro electrolysis reaction, reduces the reaction efficiency. Therefore, after the pilot after adjustment process and three days of the operation, we solve this problem. In the experiment of desalination pilot run, run for 14 hours, the desalted water total desalination rate arrived at 62.8%, COD Cr fell 25.3%; desalting exchange water salinity increases by a factor of about 2.7, COD Cr for 625mg / L; very little change took place in desalting water. And because the desalting equipment membrane stack is too small, the desalting rate is not high, operation time is long . In order to improve the efficiency of desalination in economy bearing capacity can be multi-stage multistage desalting equipment. In the second stage test increased experimental wastewater COD Cr = 12000mg / L, change in the first stage test process, increasing aeration oxidation treatment unit, the continuous 41 hours of trial operation, followed by a desalting treatment. After two stages of the field test, we obtain a certain engineering guidance for dealing with data, basically achieve the concentrated wastewater pretreatment requirements. The treated water to reduce wastewater toxicity, improve the biodegradability of wastewater effluent, lower salt content, through thick and thin water mixing can reach follow-up biochemical processing requirements. Therefore, we believe that can enter the engineering design work.KEYWORD: dye wastewater, the desalting process, electrodialysis, ED membrane methodI 目 录 摘要............................................................................................................................................I ABSTRACT ..............................................................................................................................III 1 绪论 ......................................................................................................................................... 1 1.1 引言.................................................................................................................................... 1 1.2 染料废水............................................................................................................................ 1 1.3 染料废水处理技术现状.................................................................................................... 2 1.3.1 物理法 ......................................................................................................................... 3 1.3.2 化学法 ......................................................................................................................... 3 1.3.3 生化法 ......................................................................................................................... 5 1.4 脱盐方法............................................................................................................................ 5 1.5 课题的研究内容及意义.................................................................................................... 8 1.5.1 研究的目的及意义、内容 ......................................................................................... 8 1.5.2 研究内容 ..................................................................................................................... 8 2 实验材料和方法 ..................................................................................................................... 9 2.1 实验材料 ........................................................................................................................... 9 2.2 实验设备 ......................................................................................................................... 10 2.3 处理工艺流程.................................................................................................................. 10 2.4 实验方法.......................................................................................................................... 12 2.4.1 小试实验 .................................................................................................................. 12 2.4.2 中试试验 ................................................................................................................... 13 2.5 测定方法.......................................................................................................................... 13 3 结果及分析 ........................................................................................................................... 15 3.1 染料废水脱盐前预处理工艺参数 ................................................................................. 15 3.2 染料废水 ED 交换膜脱盐实验 ...................................................................................... 19 3.2.1 以生化出水为浓水进水的脱盐效果研究 .............................................................. 19 3.3 中试试验效果分析.......................................................................................................... 24 3.3.1 中试第一阶段预处理试验 ....................................................................................... 24 3.3.2 中试第一阶段脱盐效率分析 ................................................................................... 31 3.3.3 中试第一阶段实验总结 ........................................................................................... 34 3.4 中试第二阶段试验分析.................................................................................................. 35 3.4.1 中试第二阶段试验 ................................................................................................... 35 3.4.2 中试第二阶段试验总结 ........................................................................................... 37II 4 高浓度酸性染料废水处理改造工程 .................................................................................... 39 4.1 概述.................................................................................................................................. 39 4.1.1 项目及建设单位 ....................................................................................................... 39 4.1.2 建设单位及污水处理基本情况 ............................................................................... 39 4.1.3 设计原则 ................................................................................................................... 39 4.1.4 设计范围和规模 ....................................................................................................... 40 4.2 处理工艺方案.................................................................................................................. 40 4.2.1 处理方案的工艺选择 ............................................................................................... 40 4.2.2 处理方案的工艺确定及工艺说明 .......................................................................... 42 4.3 工程投资预算与经济指标.............................................................................................. 45 4.3.1 工程投资预算 ........................................................................................................... 45 4.3.2 运行处理费用估算 ................................................................................................... 48 5 结论 ........................................................................................................................................ 49 致谢...........................................................................................................................................50