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我国高层住宅中设置自动喷水灭火系统的可行性研究DOC

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2004 年到 2013 年的火灾数据显示,消火栓给水系统作为高层住宅的最主要的灭火 方式,未能很好的控制我国住宅火灾发生起数和火灾死亡人数。可见寻求一种新的灭火 方式已经迫在眉睫。相关数据显示在美国居住建筑和公寓中安装了自动喷水灭火系统灭 火可靠性高达 98%。 本报告利用消防经济学的知识和火灾数值模拟软件对我国高层住宅中设置自动喷 水灭火系统的可行性进行研究,以期对自动喷水灭火系统在我国高层住宅内的应用与发 展有所裨益。 本文首先介绍了高层住宅火灾的发生原因、发展过程、火灾特点以及常用的灭火减 灾的方式,指出控制火灾的最佳时机。然后结合工程实例对高层住宅中设置不同灭火方 式的成本进行分析,说明了在高层住宅中增加自动喷水灭火系统所增加的成本所占的比 例小。而后结合消防经济学的知识,利用数据和论述说明在高层住宅中设置自动喷水系 统在经济上是可行的。最后用火灾数值模拟软件(FDS)模拟了在高层住宅客厅中发生 火灾时的三种不同工况,对比三种不同情况下,火势发展、喷头启动、灭火时间、火场 温度、火场能见度以及火场中有毒有害气体的含量等参数。并通过图片和文字说明自动 喷水系统在高层住宅发生火灾时能及时的发现并扑灭火灾,控制火场中温度、有毒有害 气体的含量,很好的保护人们的生命、财产安全,验证了高层住宅中安装自动喷水系统 在灭火可靠性上是可行的。 关键词:高层住宅火灾;自动喷水灭火系统;经济可行性;FDS;灭火可靠性我国高层住宅中设置自动喷水灭火系统的可行性研究 II Abstract According to the fire data from 2004 to 2013,The fire hydrant water supply system, as main fire extinguishing way, still can’t well control the fire accident. To seek a new way of extinguishing is imminent. The relevant data show that the reliability of sprinkler system installed in residential buildings and apartments is 98%. In this paper, the feasibility of automatic sprinkler system in high-rise residential buildings is studied by using the fire protection economics and Fire Dynamics Simulator(FDS), in order to automatic sprinkler system in the high-rise residential application and development in our country. This paper firstly introduces the causes, progress and characteristics of fire occurred in the high-rise buildings and the frequently-used ways for extinguishment and disaster reduction and points out the best time for fire control. And then, the cost of different fire fighting modes in high-rise residential buildings is analyzed with the engineering examples, The proportion of the increase in the automatic sprinkler system in high-rise residence is small.Then in combination with the fire protection economics, this paper illustrates that it is feasible to set automatic sprinkler system in the high-rise buildings by using data and analysis. secondly, this paper simulate three different situations when the fire occurring in the living room of high-rise building with the Fire Dynamics Simulator(FDS), compare such parameters as fire development, sprinklers activating, extinguishing time, fire temperature, visibility and content of the hazardous gas and others under three different situations, and demonstrate that it is feasible in Fire reliability to set automatic sprinkler system in the high-rise buildings by illustrating that the automatic sprinkler system can discover and put out fires in time and control the content of hazardous gas, and better protect people's life and property with photos and words. Key Words:high-rise building; automatic sprinkler system; economic feasibility; FDS; Fire reliability西华大学硕士学位报告 III 目 录 摘要....................................................................................................................................I Abstract.....................................................................................................................................II 1 绪论.....................................................................................................................................1 1.1 问题的提出及研究意义........................................................................................1 1.2 国内外应用现状.....................................................................................................3 1.2.1 自动喷水灭火系统的国外应用现状.......................................................3 1.2.2 自动喷水灭火系统的国内应用现状.......................................................4 1.3 研究的目的、内容和方法....................................................................................5 1.3.1 研究的目的................................................................................................. 5 1.3.2 研究的内容................................................................................................. 5 1.3.3 研究方法......................................................................................................5 2 高层住宅火灾及常用灭火减灾方式.............................................................................. 7 2.1 高层住宅火灾发生原因........................................................................................7 2.1.1 人为火灾......................................................................................................7 2.1.2 电气火灾......................................................................................................8 2.2 高层住宅火灾发展过程........................................................................................9 2.3 高层建筑火灾特点..............................................................................................10 2.4 高层住宅火灾特点..............................................................................................11 2.5 高层住宅灭火减灾方式......................................................................................13 2.5.1 消火栓给水系统.......................................................................................13 2.5.2 防火分区系统...........................................................................................14 2.5.3 火灾自动探测报警系统..........................................................................14 2.5.4 自动喷水灭火系统...................................................................................15 2.6 小结........................................................................................................................15 3 高层住宅灭火方式的成本分析.....................................................................................17 3.1 高层住宅实例.......................................................................................................18 3.2 灭火方式设计.......................................................................................................19 3.2.1 消火栓给水系统.......................................................................................19 3.2.2 自动喷水灭火系统...................................................................................20 3.3 建设成本分析.......................................................................................................21 3.3.1 消火栓给水系统的建设成本..................................................................21我国高层住宅中设置自动喷水灭火系统的可行性研究 IV 3.3.2 自动喷水灭火系统的建设成本..............................................................22 3.4 灭火成本分析.......................................................................................................25 3.5 小结........................................................................................................................25 4 自动喷水灭火系统的经济性分析.................................................................................27 4.1 消防经济学的基本概念......................................................................................27 4.2 自动喷水灭火系统的成本-效益分析............................................................... 28 4.2.1 自动喷水灭火系统的成本分析..............................................................28 4.2.2 自动喷水灭火系统的效益分析..............................................................28 4.3 高层住宅实例.......................................................................................................31 4.3.1 成本估算....................................................................................................31 4.3.2 效益估算....................................................................................................31 4.4 小结........................................................................................................................34 5 高层住宅火灾数值模拟及分析.....................................................................................35 5.1 高层住宅火灾数值模拟模型的简化.................................................................35 5.2 客厅火灾数值模拟模型的建立.........................................................................36 5.2.1 FDS 建模简介...........................................................................................36 5.2.2 客厅火灾数值模拟模型..........................................................................37 5.3 火灾数值模拟工况设定......................................................................................38 5.4 火灾数值模拟结果分析......................................................................................40 5.4.1 火势发展分析...........................................................................................40 5.4.2 喷头启动及灭火时间对比......................................................................42 5.4.3 火场温度对比...........................................................................................42 5.4.4 有毒气体浓度对比...................................................................................45 5.4.5 能见度对比...............................................................................................50 5.4.6 结论............................................................................................................51 5.5 小结........................................................................................................................52 6 结论与展望...................................................................................................................... 53 6.1 结论........................................................................................................................53 6.2 展望........................................................................................................................53