本文主要结合同煤塔山矿的具体情况（拥有坑口电厂），经分析，坑口电 厂烟道气体的主要成分中 N 2 占 79%、O 2 占 4.5%、CO 2 占 16.5%，此外还含有 少量 SO 2 、NO 2 、CO 等空气污染物，若能将其注入井下采空区，既可以代替注 氮有效的预防和控制煤炭自燃火灾，节约由于制氮造成的能源浪费，又可以实 现对污染物封存、达到保护环境的目的。 首先应用煤的自燃倾向性测定仪测定出煤对烟道气体的主要气体成分（O 2 、 N 2 、CO 2 ）的吸附量，得出煤对二氧化碳气体的吸附量比煤对氧气及氮气的吸 附量大 2～5 倍左右，电厂烟道气体注入采煤工作面和采空区之后，煤吸附二 氧化碳气体，有效的阻止煤的氧化自燃。接着结合电厂情况通过分析产气量、 有害气体浓度等，判断输送的可行性，进而验证出注气能够代替注氮。 为实现这一理念，进一步建立了注气工艺，设计出取气方案，铺设管路， 最后通过概预算，与注氮经济效益相比较，得到初期投资的情况下，资金节省 将达到 1 311.702 8 万元；初期投资后，正常运转消耗一年可节约费用 90 万元。 关键词，采空区；注气；二氧化碳 ；注氮Abstract This article main union with the coal Tashan ore's special details (which has pit mouth power plant), After analysis, in the pit mouth power plant flue gas principal constituent N 2 occupies 79%, O 2 to occupy 4.5%, CO 2 to account for 16.5%, in addition also includes few air pollutants and so on SO 2 , NO 2 , CO, if can its injection well under the worked-out section, both may replace the note nitrogen effective prevention and the control coal spontaneous combustion fire, saves, because the system nitrogen creates energy waste, and may realize to the pollutant seals, the protection environment goal. First, application of the spontaneous combustion tendency of coal determined to measure the flue gas of coal on the main gas composition (O 2 , N 2 , CO 2 ) absorption capacity, may of carbon dioxide out of coal and coal gas adsorption than oxygen and nitrogen adsorption on the large amount of 2 ~ 5 times, power plant flue gas into the coal face and the mined-out area, the coal will be absorption of carbon dioxide gas, thereby preventing coal contact with oxygen, effective to prevent the oxidation of coal spontaneous combustion. Then the union power plant situation produces the spirit, the noxious gas density through the analysis and so on, judges transportation's feasibility, and further confirms the gas injection to be able to replace the note nitrogen. In order to realize this idea, further establish the gas injection craft, designs takes is mad the plan, lays down the pipeline, finally through budgets generally, compares with the note nitrogen economic efficiency, in initial investment's situation, the fund will save will amount to 13,117,028 Yuan; After initial investment, the normal work consumes one year to be possible to save the expense 900,000 Yuan. Key Words，mined-out area；gas injection；carbon dioxide；nitrogen injection目 录 摘要 Abstract 1 绪论 ............................................................................................................ 1 1.1 报告研究的目的、意义 .....................................................................1 1.2 采空区煤层自燃的影响因素 ..............................................................2 1.3 防止煤层自燃的方法 .........................................................................3 1.3.1 灌浆防灭火................................................................................... 3 1.3.2 均压防火 ...................................................................................... 3 1.3.3 阻化剂防火................................................................................... 4 1.3.4 惰气防灭火................................................................................... 5 1.3.5 泡沫防灭火................................................................................... 5 1.3.6 凝胶防灭火................................................................................... 5 1.4 国内外主要防灭火技术及优缺点 ......................................................6 1.5 氮气防灭火技术 ................................................................................7 1.6 关于吸附 ............................................................................................8 1.7 报告研究的内容 ................................................................................9 2 矿井与坑口电厂概况 ................................................................................ 10 2.1 矿井概况 ..........................................................................................10 2.1.1 煤田地质构造 ............................................................................. 10 2.1.2 煤层条件 .................................................................................... 10 2.1.3 矿井通风方式 ............................................................................. 11 2.1.4 供电系统 .................................................................................... 11 2.1.5 监控系统 .................................................................................... 12 2.1.6 综合防尘系统 ............................................................................. 13 2.1.7 排水系统 .................................................................................... 15 2.2 矿井回采过程中的防灭火 ...............................................................152.2.1 注氮系统 .................................................................................... 15 2.2.2 注浆系统 .................................................................................... 17 2.2.3 束管监控系统 ............................................................................. 18 2.3 坑口电厂概况 ..................................................................................19 2.3.1 电厂规模 .................................................................................... 19 2.3.2 主要工艺系统及环保设施 .......................................................... 19 2.3.3 燃料耗量及质量 ......................................................................... 21 2.3.4 水源 ............................................................................................ 22 2.3.5 大气污染物排放及防治措施 ...................................................... 22 2.3.6 煤场及输煤系统污染防治 .......................................................... 24 2.3.7 灰渣及综合利用 ......................................................................... 24 2.3.8 污染物排放总量控制 .................................................................. 25 3 煤对烟道气体的吸附实验研究 ................................................................. 27 4 注烟道气体代替注氮可行性分析.............................................................. 29 4.1 电厂排烟量及成分分析 ...................................................................29 4.1.1 电厂排烟量分析 ......................................................................... 29 4.1.2 烟道气体成分分析 ..................................................................... 30 4.2 代替可行性分析 ..............................................................................31 4.2.1 输送的可行性分析 ..................................................................... 31 4.2.2 井下关于有毒有害气体成分规定 ............................................... 32 4.3 注气效果分析 ..................................................................................34 4.4 小结 .................................................................................................34 5 注气工艺 ................................................................................................... 35 5.1 取气 .................................................................................................35 5.2 管路计算 ..........................................................................................37 6 经济效益分析 ........................................................................................... 47 6.1 选择用风机运送条件下 ...................................................................47 6.1.1 管路的费用................................................................................. 476.1.2 风机费用 .................................................................................... 47 6.1.3 其他费用 .................................................................................... 47 6.2 选择用压缩机运送条件下 ...............................................................48 6.2.1 管路的费用................................................................................. 48 6.2.2 压缩机费用................................................................................. 48 6.2.3 其他费用 .................................................................................... 48 6.3 与注氮的经济比较 ...........................................................................49 6.3.1 初期投资的经济比较 .................................................................. 49 6.3.2 正常运转消耗费用比较 .............................................................. 49 7 结论与展望 ............................................................................................... 51 7.1 结论 .................................................................................................51 7.2 展望 .................................................................................................51