激发极化法，简称激电法，是以在人工电场作用下地下岩、矿石发生的物理和电化 学效应（激发极化效应）的差异为基础的一种电法勘探方法。实践证明，在金属矿的勘 查上，激电法较其他电法勘探方法具有一些显著的优点。传统扫面中梯激电法在野外工 作时，受装置的限制，观测范围较小，需要频繁的移动供电电极和重新架设仪器设备， 降低了工作的效率，观测信号弱，其不适应地形条件较差的地区工作。本文针对中梯激 电法的问题，研究了“双极—偶极”激电观测装置在全域的激电特征及方法技术，该研究 具有一定的实用价值。 本文首先回顾了激发极化法的研究与应用现状，归纳总结了激发极化法现有的数值 模拟方法，对 ANSYS 有限元模拟软件做了简单的介绍及其在激发极化法数值模拟过程 中的相关问题和主要步骤。利用 ANSYS 软件自带的 APDL 编程语言编写相应的计算程 序，构造地质、地电模型、设置参数，对模型进行“双极—偶极”全域激电法数值模拟计 算，并对比分析常规方法与“双极—偶极”全域激电法同模型的异常特点。研究了激电模 型相对于 A、B 极不同位置的异常变化情况、异常最大值随深度的变化情况、半极值宽 度随深度的变化情况及解释方法。结果表明“双极—偶极”激电法能够在全域观测到极化 体的异常并发现极化体的位置，但个别位置极化体的异常较常规方法的异常具有复杂化 得特点。该研究结果对于在山区开展激电扫面工作具有重要意义。 关键字：激发极化法，有限元，数值模拟，“双极—偶极”全域激电II ABSTRACT Induced polarization method (IP method for short), is a kind of electrical prospecting method that is based on the differences among the underground rock, ores,which occur under artificial electric field (induced polarization effect) by physical and electrochemical effects .According to the different nature of supply current, is divided into DC (time domain) IP law and Exchange (frequency domain), IP method. After more than half a century of practice that has proved that IP method has more significant advantages than other electric prospecting methods among the exploration of all kinds of metal ore.However, due to device limitations when traditional IP method is working in the field. It is required to move frequently and re-erect equipment, so result in reducing the efficiency of the work and wasting a massive of labor and time. Someone has put forward a Bipole-Dipole device to resolve the problem. This article begins with a review of induced polarization method research and application status and sum of the existing numerical simulation methods of induced polarization method. Make the simple presentations of ANSYS finite element simulation software and introduce the process-related issues and main steps when it induces polarization method numerical simulation.Using ANSYS APDL programming language included with the software program, structural geology, Earth models, set the parameters, the model Bipole-Dipole global numerical simulation of IP law, and comparative analysis of conventional methods Bipole-Dipole domain-wide IP law with the exception of model characteristics, yield more satisfactory results. Final summary of the full-text, which describes the reality significance ofBipole-Dipoleand global induced polarization method and the prospects of ANSYS finite element simulation software in Geophysics broad application. KEY WORDS ：Induced polarization method，Finite element，Numerical simulation， Bipole-Dipole global IPIII 目录 第一章 绪论..............................................................................................................................1 1.1 研究背景 ...................................................................................................................... 1 1.2 国内外研究现状 .......................................................................................................... 1 1.3 研究意义 ...................................................................................................................... 2 1.4 存在的困难与问题 ...................................................................................................... 2 1.5 本文主要工作 .............................................................................................................. 3 1.6 取得的主要成果 .......................................................................................................... 3 第二章 激发极化法及其数值模拟..........................................................................................4 2.1 激发极化法原理 .......................................................................................................... 4 2.2 数值模拟 ...................................................................................................................... 6 2.2.1 有限差分法 ........................................................................................................ 6 2.2.2 有限单元法 ........................................................................................................ 7 2.3 等效电阻率法 .............................................................................................................. 7 第三章 双极偶极全域激发极化方法技术............................................................................10 3.1 双极偶极全域激发极化法观测装置 ........................................................................ 10 3.2 双极偶极全域激发极化法特点 ................................................................................ 10 3.2.1 中梯装置电场分布特点 .................................................................................. 10 3.2.2 双极偶极全域电场分布特点 .......................................................................... 12 第四章 ANSYS 软件介绍与在有限元模拟中的实现..........................................................14 4.1 ANSYS 有限元软件简介 ........................................................................................... 14 4.2 ANSYS 中模型建立与网格 ....................................................................................... 14 4.2.1 ANSYS 中模型的建立 ..................................................................................... 14 4.2.2 网格划分 .......................................................................................................... 15 4.3 ANSYS 电场分析 ....................................................................................................... 17 4.4 点源三维地点场的有限元方法 ................................................................................ 19 4.4.1 基本方程 .......................................................................................................... 19 4.4.2 边值问题 .......................................................................................................... 21 4.4.3 变分问题 .......................................................................................................... 22 第五章 激发极化法有限元数值模拟效果分析....................................................................24 5.1 三维地质体在双极偶极全域的异常特征分析 ........................................................ 24IV 5.1.1 模型及模型剖分及参数设计...........................................................................24 5.1.2 三维地质体在双极内主剖面上的异常特征及变化规律...............................25 5.1.3 三维地质体在双极外沿主剖面上的异常特征及变化规律...........................29 5.1.4 三维地质体在双极内旁侧剖面上的异常特征及变化规律...........................32 5.1.5 三维地质体在双极外沿旁侧剖面上的异常特征及变化规律.......................38 5.2 三维地质体在双极偶极全域的异常特征与深度的相关性分析.............................41 5.2.1 三维地质体在双极内主剖面上的异常特征随埋深变化规律.......................41 5.2.2 三维地质体在双极外沿主剖面上的异常特征随埋深变化规律...................42 5.2.3 三维地质体在双极外沿旁侧剖面上的异常特征随埋深变化规律...............44 5.2.4 “双极-偶极”激电装置 sXmax 与位置的关系 ....................................................45 5.2.5 “双极-偶极”激电装置半极值宽度与位置的关系...........................................45 5.3 讨论.............................................................................................................................46 5.3.1 双极偶极全域观测的可行性...........................................................................46 5.3.2 双极偶极全域观测存在的问题.......................................................................47 5.3.3 双极偶极全域激电研究方向...........................................................................48 第六章 结论与建议.................................................................................................................49 6.1 结论.............................................................................................................................49 6.2 建议.............................................................................................................................49