断路器是电力系统中最重要高压设备,它起着控制和保护电力设备的双重作 用。正常运行时,用来接通和开断负荷电流,改变主接线运行方式;在电力系统 故障时,断路器接受继电保护及自动装置的跳、合闸命令,并以毫秒级的速度去 执行跳闸动作,开断短路电流,切除故障电路,以避免事故蔓延,影响供电可靠 性。因此,断路器的可靠动作对电力系统的稳定运行有着非常重要的意义。 而分合闸电磁铁是高压断路器操作的第一级控制元件,断路器的所有保护功 能最后都要通过电磁线圈的动作来实现。本文将在深入分析断路器分合闸控制回 路及操作机构动作原理的基础上,探索、归纳断路器分(合)闸线圈烧毁的各种原 因,结合现场实际情况,提出操作性强的预防性措施和改进方案,使得断路器在 系统需要时,能快速有效地进行分(合)闸动作,及时地断开故障或改变运行方 式,提高系统的可靠性。 关键词:断路器;分合闸线圈;烧毁;预防 I 屮北屯力人学硕I:学位报告 Abstract The circuit breaker is the most important high-voltage equipment in the power system.It plays the dual roles of the control and protection of electrical equipment. During normal operation, it is used to turn on and break off load current,change the main wiring running; when the power system breaks down, the circuit breaker accepts relay protection and automatic device of tripping and closing command, performs tripping at the millisecond speed,breaks short-circuit current, and cuts off fault circuit,in order to avoid the spread of the accident and the effect of the reliability of power supply. Therefore, reliable operation of the circuit breaker has a very important significance for the stable operation of the power system. Points closing electromagnet is the first level of control components in a high-voltage circuit breaker's operation,and the protection function of a circuit breaker must be achieved through the action of the electromagnetic coil ultimately. On the basis of the in-depth analysis of the circuit breaker's closing the control loop and operating mechanism of action principle, the purpose of the paper is to explore and generalize various reasons for circuit breaker closing coil burned , put forward a workable preventive measure and an improvement program combined with the actual situation,so that when the system is in need, the circuit breaker is able to open and close action quickly and efficiently,disconnect the fault in a timely manner or change the operation mode, with improving the reliability of power system. Keywords: circuit breakerclosing coil,burned,prevention II 华北电力大学硕士学位报告 目录 m w: I Abstract II 第1章绪论 1 1.1课题背景及研究的目的和意义 1 1.2国内外研究情况 1 1.3报告研究内容 2 第2章断路器控制回路 3 2.1 弓 IW 3 2.2断路器控制回路信号传输过程 3 2.2.1常规变电站断路器控制信号传输过程 3 2.2.2综自站断路器控制信号传输过程 4 2.3断路器控制回路原理分析 5 2.3.1断路器控制回路基本原理 5 2.3.2功能性断路器控制回路 6 2.3.3控制回路应实现的功能 11 2.4控制回路故障原因分析 11 2.5本章小结 13 第3章断路器操作机构 ..…14 3.1引言 14 3.2断路器操作机构基本要求 14 3.3操作机构动作原理 15 3.3.1弹簧机构动作原理分析 15 3.3.2气动机构动作原理分析 17 3.3.3断路器操作机构基本动作原理 17 3.4本章小结 17 第4章断路器常见故障分析及处理方法 19 4.1引言 19 4.2断路器常见故障 19 4.2.1断路器动作特性不合格 19 4.2.2操作机构不储能 19 4.2.3断路器误动 20 III 华北电力大学硕士学位报告 4.2.4断路器拒动 21 4.3断路器跳合闸线圈烧毁原因分析及预防措施 21 4.3.1线圈动作原理及动作电压的规定 23 4.3.2分阐线圈烧毁的原因及预防措施 23 4.3.3合闸线圈烧毁的原因及预防措施 25 4.4本章小结 27 第5章预防分合闸线圈的改进措施 28 5.1引言 28 5.2预防分合闸线圈烧毁的4种改进措施 28 5.2.1加装位置开关 28 5.2.2加装静态时间继电器 29 5.2.3加装电磁式时间继电器和电磁式中间继电器 31 5.2.4加装线圈保护器 32 5.3正在研究中的改进措施 33 5.4本章小结 35 第6章结论与展望 36