精准扶贫目前是我国农村经济研究的热点问题，党中央提出到 2020 年实现现行标准 下农村贫困人口全部脱贫，贫困县全部摘帽，山东省省委、省政府坚定不移地贯彻落实 中央决策部署，全面实施“十二五”扶贫规划，坚持片区攻坚与精准扶贫同步推进，规 划目标圆满完成，山东省过去五年减贫达 353.21 万人，扶贫开发继续走在全国前列。 然而，根据《2015 年度全省脱贫攻坚发展报告》所设立的目标，到 2019 年实现全省 590 万贫困人口脱贫、4821 个贫困村出列、37 个贫困县“摘帽”扶贫任务依然艰巨。为此， 需要全面推动战略管理策略的实施，这是保障精准扶贫工作的基础。 基于以上背景，本文研究中结合战略管理过程理论，在内外部环境分析基础上，重 点对 A 县精准扶贫的战略作出分析与研究，分析了 A 县精准扶贫实施中的宏观环境，包 括政治环境、经济环境、社会环境、技术环境等，在内部环境分析中包含 A 县贫困户现 状、精准扶贫十项行动、帮扶结对，阐述了考核标准，结合贫困户识别工作缺少流程规 划、十项行动开展面临限制性因素、帮扶结对工作难以全面落实、精准扶贫考核工作指 标单一等问题，阐述了 A 县精准扶贫实施的优势、劣势、机遇和挑战。研究中通过对这 些内容的梳理，制定了战略目标定位、指标体系，指标体系分析主要从贫困户脱贫指标 体系、贫困村脱贫指标体系入手，确定了 A 县精准扶贫实施战略，包括要完善贫困识别 流程、加强配套产业协调发展、创新扶贫模式、明确政策导向。同时，研究中提出战略 实施的制度保障，包括建立技能培训制度、人力资源保障制度、邻里帮扶制度、精准扶 贫退出制度。精准扶贫实施后的评价性研究中，结合实际调查的方式，重点从贫困户与 贫困村精准扶贫开展情况做出评估，评估结果表明，A 县在精准扶贫战略实施后整体取得 了不错的成效，贫困户收入水平提升、受教育水平提升、拥有土地增加、精准扶贫工作 知晓情况良好；贫困村调查发现，被调查乡镇街道基础设施、医疗卫生、文化教育等得 到全面改善。 关键字：精准扶贫，战略管理，战略实施，战略评估山东建筑大学硕士学位论文 II ABSTRACT Accurate poverty alleviation is currently a hot issue in China's rural economic research. The central committee of the communist party of China(CPC) has proposed to lift all rural poor people out of poverty and all poor counties out of poverty by 2020. The Shandong Provincial Party Committee and the Provincial Government unswervingly implemented the central decision-making and comprehensively implemented the“Twelfth Five-Year Plan”for poverty alleviation. Planning, adhering to the hard work of the district and the promotion of poverty alleviation, the planning goal was successfully completed. Shandong Province has reduced poverty by 3,532,100 in the past five years, and poverty alleviation and development continue to be at the forefront of the country. However, according to the goal set in the“2015 Report on Poverty Alleviation in the Province”, by 2020, the province’s 5.9 million poor people will be lifted out of poverty, 4,821 poor villages will be listed, and 37 poverty-stricken counties will be “hard-capped”. To this end, it is necessary to comprehensively promote the implementation of strategic management strategies, which is the basis for ensuring accurate poverty alleviation. Based on the above background, this paper combines the theory of strategic management process, based on internal and external environmental analysis, focus on the analysis and research on the strategy of targeted poverty alleviation in county A , and analyzes the macro environment in the implementation of precision poverty alleviation in A county, including The political environment, economic environment, social environment, technical environment, etc., in the internal environment analysis, include the status quo of poverty-stricken households in county A, ten actions for poverty alleviation, help and pairing, expounding the assessment criteria, and lacking process planning in combination with poor household identification. The actions of the project are faced with restrictive factors, difficulty in fully implementing the work of helping the pair, and single indicators for accurate poverty alleviation assessment. The advantages, disadvantages, opportunities and challenges of the implementation of precision poverty alleviation in County A are described. Through the combing of these contents, the strategic target positioning and index system were formulated. The index system analysis mainly started from the poverty alleviation index system of poor households and the poverty alleviation index system of poverty-stricken villages, and determined the implementation strategy of accurate poverty alleviation in A county, including improving poverty identification. Process, strengthen the coordinated development of supporting industries, innovate poverty山东建筑大学硕士学位论文 III alleviation models, and clarify policy orientation. At the same time, the system proposes institutional guarantees for strategic implementation, including the establishment of a skills training system, a human resources security system, a neighborhood assistance system, and a precise poverty alleviation system. In the evaluative research after the implementation of precision poverty alleviation, combined with the actual investigation method, focus from poor precision and funding for poverty alleviation in situation assessment. The results show that A County has achieved good results after the implementation of the precise poverty alleviation strategy. The income level of poor households has increased, the level of education has increased, the land ownership has increased, and the poverty alleviation work has been well known. The survey of poor villages has found that the infrastructure, health care, culture and education of the townships and towns surveyed have been comprehensively improved. Keywords: precision poverty alleviation, strategic management, strategic implementation, strategic assessment山东建筑大学硕士学位论文 IV 目 录 摘要............................................................................................................I ABSTRACT................................................................................................II 第一章 绪 论 1.1 研究背景及意义..................................................................................................1 1.1.1 研究背景......................................................................................................1 1.1.2 研究意义......................................................................................................3 1.2 国内外研究现状..................................................................................................4 1.2.1 国外研究现状..............................................................................................4 1.2.2 国内研究现状..............................................................................................6 1.3 研究方法..............................................................................................................9 1.4 技术路线............................................................................................................10 1.5 研究创新与不足...............................................................................................10 1.5.1 研究创新之处............................................................................................10 1.5.2 研究不足....................................................................................................11 第二章 基本概念及理论 2.1 基本概念...........................................................................................................12 2.1.1 扶贫的概念................................................................................................12 2.1.2 精准扶贫的概念........................................................................................12 2.1.3 精准扶贫的内涵与外延............................................................................13 2.1.4 精准扶贫的具体内容................................................................................14 2.2 战略管理的概念及特征....................................................................................15 2.2.1 战略管理的概念........................................................................................15 2.2.2 战略管理的特征........................................................................................16 2.3 战略管理的过程理论........................................................................................16 2.4 内外部环境分析法............................................................................................18 2.4.1 PEST 分析法..............................................................................................18 2.4.2 SWOT 分析法..............................................................................................20山东建筑大学硕士学位论文 V 第三章 A 县精准扶贫战略实施的内外部环境分析 3.1 外部环境分析....................................................................................................21 3.1.1 政治环境....................................................................................................21 3.1.2 经济环境....................................................................................................21 3.1.3 社会环境....................................................................................................22 3.1.4 技术环境....................................................................................................22 3.2 A 县实施精准扶贫的内部环境........................................................................24 3.2.1 A 县简介及贫困现状................................................................................24 3.2.2 贫困户的识别方法....................................................................................24 3.2.3 精准扶贫十项行动...................................................................................26 3.2.4 精准扶贫互助帮扶...................................................................................27 3.2.5 精准扶贫考核标准....................................................................................28 3.3 A 县精准扶贫中存在的问题............................................................................31 3.3.1 贫困户识别工作缺少流程规划................................................................31 3.3.2 十项行动的开展面临限制因素................................................................32 3.3.3 精准帮扶工作难以全面落实....................................................................34 3.3.4 精准扶贫考核工作中指标单一................................................................35 3.4 A 县精准扶贫的 SWOT 分析..............................................................................35 3.4.1 优势分析....................................................................................................35 3.4.2 劣势分析....................................................................................................36 3.4.3 机遇分析....................................................................................................37 3.4.4 挑战分析....................................................................................................37 第四章 A 县精准扶贫战略的制定及实施 4.1 目标及定位........................................................................................................40 4.2 指标体系............................................................................................................40 4.2.1 贫困户脱贫指标体系................................................................................40 4.2.2 贫困村脱贫指标体系................................................................................43 4.3 A 县精准扶贫战略的实施................................................................................44 4.3.1 完善贫困识别流程以有效落实精准扶贫................................................44山东建筑大学硕士学位论文 VI 4.3.2 加强配套产业协调发展以落实十项行动................................................46 4.3.3 创新扶贫模式以全面实现帮扶结对工作................................................46 4.3.4 明确政策导向以落实精准扶贫考核规划................................................47 4.4 战略实施的制度保障........................................................................................48 4.4.1 建立技能培训制度....................................................................................48 4.4.2 建立人力资源保障制度............................................................................49 4.4.3 建立邻里帮扶制度....................................................................................49 4.4.4 建立精准扶贫退出制度............................................................................50 第五章 A 县精准扶贫战略评估 5.1 评估范围、内容及方法....................................................................................51 5.1.1 评估范围....................................................................................................51 5.1.2 评估内容....................................................................................................51 5.1.3 评估方法....................................................................................................52 5.2 评估情况分析...................................................................................................53 5.3 评估结果............................................................................................................55 第六章 结论与展望 6.1 结论....................................................................................................................57 6.2 展望....................................................................................................................57