I 摘要 大力发展海水淡化技术是解决全世界淡水资源短缺问题的有效方式。随着海水淡 化技术在世界范围内得到广泛的推广、应用和创新，海水淡化工程也产生大量的浓缩 废水（浓盐水）。若是浓盐水处置利用方式不当，将会对环境造成不可估量的潜在危 害。 本文针对全球范围内市场占有率最高的反渗透海水淡化技术，选取浙江省舟山市 岱山绿源海水淡化有限公司的浓盐水作为研究对象，结合杜氏盐藻和卤虫的广适盐 性，探究以浓盐水作为培养基的杜氏盐藻养殖卤虫的可行性以及不同氮、磷浓度对杜 氏盐藻的影响。结论如下： （1）以浓盐水作为微藻的培养基时，不需要进行传统水处理的前处理。杜氏盐 藻、小球藻和卤虫均可在浓盐水环境中正常生长。磷浓度对杜氏盐藻的生长量、总叶 绿素、总糖和总脂有影响；氮浓度对杜氏盐藻的生长量、总叶绿素、总脂和β-胡萝卜 素有影响。 （2）当氮浓度为 3.52 mmol/L，磷浓度为 144 μmol/L，杜氏盐藻的生长最好且 总脂积累最多。当氮浓度为 1.76 mmol/L，磷浓度为 36 μmol/L，杜氏盐藻的总叶绿 素积累最多。当氮浓度为 7.04 mmol/L，磷浓度为 36 μmol/L，杜氏盐藻的总糖积累 最多。当氮浓度为 7.04 mmol/L，磷浓度为 288 μmol/L，杜氏盐藻的β-胡萝卜素积累 最多。 （3）小球藻、酵母粉和螺旋藻粉三种饵料投喂卤虫的效果都不理想，杜氏盐藻 投喂卤虫效果最为理想。小球藻、酵母粉和螺旋藻粉三种饵料投喂卤虫，其中酵母粉 投喂时，卤虫体长增长速率最大，螺旋藻粉其次，小球藻最小；其中酵母粉投喂卤虫 时，卤虫死亡速率最小，螺旋藻粉其次，小球藻最小；其中螺旋藻粉投喂卤虫时，卤 虫在 28 d 时仍有个体存活。 （4）以杜氏盐藻为食源的条件下，实现卤虫连续三代的生长和同个体多次繁殖， 且得到了不同生殖方式的两种后代：无节幼虫和休眠卵；观察到了卤虫孵化、无节幼 体、成虫、卵胎生、卵生、再生长等生态学全部过程。摘要 II 本文研究以海水淡化厂产生量巨大的副产品浓盐水为载体，探索其用于卤虫卵的 孵化及卤虫养殖的可行性，优化条件，解决研究过程中发现的问题，最终形成完整的 工艺体系，其研究结果将为海水淡化工程的浓盐水的处置利用提供新思路新方法，其 应用将为该行业创造额外经济价值。 关键词：海水淡化；浓盐水；杜氏盐藻；卤虫III Abstract Developing desalination technology is an effective way to solve the shortage of freshwater resources in the world. With the wide spread, application and innovation of seawater desalination technology in the world, seawater desalination projects also produce a large amount of concentrated wastewater (concentrated brine). If the treatment and utilization of concentrated brine is improper, it will cause immeasurable potential harm to the environment. In this study, the reverse osmosis seawater desalination technology with the highest market share in the world is selected. The concentrated brine of the Lushan reverse osmosis desalination plant in Zhoushan City, Zhejiang Province is selected as the research object, and the salty nature of Dunaliella salina and Artemia is explored. The feasibility of brine culture as a culture medium are for the culture of Artemia, and the effect of different nitrogen and phosphorus concentrations on Dunaliella salina. In this study, the changes of body length and ecological changes of Artemia and the changes of chlorophyll, total sugar, total lipid and β-carotene in Dunaliella salina were used as indicators. The experimental results of this study are as follows: （1）When concentrated brine is used as the medium for the microalgae, the pretreatment of the conventional water treatment is not required.Dunaliella salina, Chlorella and Artemia can grow normally in concentrated saline environments.Phosphorus concentration had an effect on the growth of Dunaliella salina, total chlorophyll, total sugar and total lipids；Nitrogen concentration had an effect on the growth of Dunaliella salina, total chlorophyll, total lipids and β-carotene. （2）When the nitrogen concentration was 3.52 mmol/L and the phosphorus concentration was 144 μmol/L, Dunaliella salina had the best growth and the highest total lipid accumulation. When the nitrogen concentration was 1.76 mmol/L and the phosphorus concentration was 36 μmol/L, the total chlorophyll accumulation of Dunaliella salina was the highest. When the nitrogen concentration was 7.04 mmol/Land the phosphorus concentration was 36 μmol/L, the total sugar accumulation of Dunaliella salina was the AbstractIV highest. When the nitrogen concentration was 7.04 mmol/L and the phosphorus concentration was 288 μmol/L, the β-carotene accumulation of Dunaliella salina was the most. （3）The effects of three kinds of bait, Chlorella, yeast powder and spirulina powder feeding on the Artemia were not ideal. The effect of Dunaliella salina on feeding Artemia was the most ideal.Chlorella, yeast powder and spirulina powder are fed to Artemia. When yeast powder is fed, the growth rate of Artemia is the largest, followed by spirulina powder and Chlorella. The yeast powder is fed to Artemia. When the mortality rate of Artemia was the smallest, the spirulina powder was the second, and the Chlorella was the smallest. When the spirulina powder was fed to the Artemia, the Artemia still survived at 28 days. （4）Under the condition of Dunaliella salina as the food source, the growth of Artemia has been carried out for three consecutive generations and multiple reproductions of the same individuals, and two offspring of different reproductive methods have been obtained: larvae and dormant eggs; Artemia hatching has been observed. The whole process of ecology such as larvae, adults, oviparous, oviparous, and regrowth. In this study, we explored the use of concentrated brine, which is a huge amount of by-products produced by desalination plants, as a carrier to explore the feasibility of incubation for Artemia eggs and the breeding of Artemia, optimize conditions, solve problems found during the research process, and finally form a complete process system. The research results will provide new ideas and methods for the disposal and utilization of concentrated brine in desalination projects, and its application will create additional economic value for the industry. KEYWORDS: seawater desalination; concentrated brine; Dunaliella salina Abstract目 录 V 目 录 摘要......................................................................................................................................I Abstract.................................................................................................................................III 引 言.......................................................................................................................................1 第一章 绪论...........................................................................................................................3 1.1 研究背景.......................................................................................................................3 1.1.1 全球海水淡化产业现状.......................................................................................3 1.1.2 海水淡化产业发展现状.......................................................................................6 1.1.3 海水淡化工程的效益.........................................................................................10 1.1.4 海水淡化浓盐水的简介.....................................................................................10 1.1.5 海水淡化浓盐水的处置方法.............................................................................10 1.2 卤虫的简介................................................................................................................11 1.2.1 卤虫的生活史.....................................................................................................12 1.2.2 卤虫休眠卵的抗逆性.........................................................................................13 1.3 杜氏盐藻简介............................................................................................................14 1.3.1 光照.....................................................................................................................15 1.3.2 盐度.....................................................................................................................15 1.3.3 温度.....................................................................................................................15 1.3.4 氮源.....................................................................................................................15 1.3.5 磷源.....................................................................................................................16 1.4 本报告的研究目的和内容........................................................................................16 1.4.1 研究目的.............................................................................................................16 1.4.2 研究内容.............................................................................................................16 第二章 几种饵料投放条件下卤虫的生长状况研究........................................................ 18 2.1 实验材料和方法........................................................................................................18 2.1.1 实验仪器和材料.................................................................................................18 2.1.2 实验方法.............................................................................................................18 2.1.4 数据处理.............................................................................................................19 2.2 实验结果与讨论........................................................................................................19 2.2.1 浓盐水的性质的测定..........................................................................................19 2.2.1 投喂小球藻、酵母粉以及螺旋藻粉对卤虫体长的影响.................................20 2.2.2 投喂小球藻、酵母粉以及螺旋藻粉对卤虫存活时间的影响.........................22目 录 VI 2.3 讨论............................................................................................................................24 2.4 小结............................................................................................................................25 第三章 杜氏盐藻对卤虫生长发育和繁殖的影响............................................................ 26 3.1 实验材料和方法........................................................................................................26 3.1.1 实验仪器和材料.................................................................................................26 3.1.2 实验方法.............................................................................................................27 3.1.3 数据处理.............................................................................................................27 3.2 实验结果和讨论........................................................................................................28 3.2.1 投喂杜氏盐藻对卤虫体长的影响......................................................................28 3.2.2 投喂杜氏盐藻对卤虫形态的影响......................................................................30 3.3 讨论............................................................................................................................38 3.4 小结............................................................................................................................39 第四章 氮、磷浓度对浓盐水培养杜氏盐藻的影响........................................................ 40 4.1 实验材料和方法........................................................................................................40 4.1.1 实验仪器和材料.................................................................................................40 4.1.2 实验方法.............................................................................................................41 4.1.3 数据处理.............................................................................................................43 4.2 实验结果与讨论.........................................................................................................43 4.2.1 杜氏盐藻的生长情况.........................................................................................43 4.2.2 杜氏盐藻的总叶绿素含量.................................................................................45 4.2.3 杜氏盐藻的总糖含量.........................................................................................47 4.2.4 杜氏盐藻的总脂含量.........................................................................................48 4.2.5 杜氏盐藻的β-胡萝卜素含量............................................................................. 49 4.3 讨论............................................................................................................................50 4.4 小结............................................................................................................................51 第五章 总结与展望.............................................................................................................52 5.1 总结............................................................................................................................52 5.2 展望............................................................................................................................53