知识经济时代，人才对于企业的发展越来越重要，基层员工培训是现代企业人力资源管理 的重要环节，在企业管理活动中发挥着重要的作用。随着经济社会的快速发展和人民生活的日 益改善，中国的民航业也呈现高速发展的态势，各大航空公司的运营规模亦在不断扩大，国内 各大航空公司对人才的需求也越来越高。A 航空公司（以下简称 A 航）主要提供航空服务，员 工的培训工作越来越引起了公司领导的关注，但是基层员工的培训仍然存在很多问题，培训效 果有待进一步提升。 因此本文以 A 航为研究对象，结合国内外关于员工培训问题的研究，对企业员工培训的相 关理论进行了综述，分析、总结了有代表性的成果，并以此为基础运用问卷调查法、访谈法等 调查了 A 航的基层员工的培训情况，从而总结出公司目前的培训体系存在的问题以及原因，随 后结合理论和实际情况对基层员工培训体系进行优化，最后提出了一系列的保障措施，确保培 训工作顺利开展。 本文以A航基层员工培训体系的现状为依据优化该体系，达到全面提高企业竞争力的目的。 同时，A 航具有航空企业的代表性。因此本文设计的基层员工培训体系，可为航空企业构建员 工培训体系提供参考。 关键词：基层员工，培训体系，有效性，优化设计，航空公司II ABSTRACT In the era of knowledge economy, talent is becoming increasingly important for the development of enterprises. The training of grass-roots staff plays an important role in human resources management in modern enterprises, which is of great strategic significance management. With the rapid development of economy and society and the improvement of people's life, China's civil aviation industry is also showing a trend of rapid development. The operation scale of major airlines is also expanding, and the demand for talents of major domestic airlines is also increasing. A Airline (herein after referred to as A Airline) mainly provides aviation services, staff training has attracted increasing attention of the company leaders, but there are still many problems in the training of grass-roots staff, the training effect needs to be further improved. Therefore, this paper takes A Airline as the research object, combines the domestic and foreign research on employee training, summarizes the relevant theory of employee training, analyzes and summarizes the representative results, and on this basis uses questionnaire survey and interview method to investigate the training situation of the grass-roots employees of A Airline, and so on. The existing problems and reasons of the company's current training system are summarized. Then, the training system of grass-roots staff is optimized according to the theory and actual situation. Finally, a series of safeguard measures are put forward to ensure the smooth development of training. This paper optimizes the basic staff training system of A Airline on the basis of the status quo to achieve the goal of improving the competitiveness of enterprises in an all-round way. At the same time, A Airline has the representativeness of aviation enterprises. Therefore, the grass-roots staff training system designed in this paper can provide a reference for aviation enterprises to build staff training system. Keywords: Junior staff, Training system, Effective, Optimal design,AirlinesIII 目 录 第一章 绪论.....................................................................................................................................1 1.1 选题背景及意义.....................................................................................................................1 1.2 文献综述.................................................................................................................................2 1.2.1 国外培训理论的研究现状..............................................................................................2 1.2.2 国内培训理论的研究现状..............................................................................................3 1.3 研究内容、研究方法及技术路线.........................................................................................3 1.3.1 研究内容..........................................................................................................................3 1.3.2 研究方法..........................................................................................................................4 1.3.3 技术路线..........................................................................................................................5 第二章 员工培训理论基础.............................................................................................................7 2.1 培训的概念及意义.................................................................................................................7 2.1.1 培训的概念......................................................................................................................7 2.1.2 培训的意义......................................................................................................................7 2.2 培训的方法.............................................................................................................................8 2.3 培训的内容.............................................................................................................................8 2.4 培训相关的理论.....................................................................................................................9 2.4.1 培训需求分析理论..........................................................................................................9 2.4.2 学习型组织理论............................................................................................................10 2.4.3 培训效果评估理论........................................................................................................10 2.4.4 成人学习理论................................................................................................................11 2.5 基层员工的界定与特征.......................................................................................................11 2.5.1 基层员工的界定............................................................................................................11 2.5.2 基层员工的工作特点....................................................................................................11 第三章 A 航空公司基层员工培训现状及存在的问题 ...............................................................13 3.1 公司概况及组织机构设置...................................................................................................13 3.1.1A 航空公司的概况........................................................................................................13 3.1.2A 航空公司的组织机构设置........................................................................................14 3.2 公司基层员工培训现状......................................................................................................14 3.2.1 基层员工培训概况........................................................................................................14IV 3.2.2 基层员工培训体系........................................................................................................16 3.2.3 基层员工培训内容........................................................................................................18 3.3 公司基层员工培训存在的问题..........................................................................................18 3.3.1 培训前期需求分析欠缺................................................................................................19 3.3.2 培训方法缺乏规范性和系统性....................................................................................19 3.3.3 培训目标定位不科学....................................................................................................21 3.4 公司基层员工培训存在问题的原因分析..........................................................................21 3.4.1 缺乏正确的员工培训理念............................................................................................21 3.4.2 培训部门定位不科学....................................................................................................21 3.4.3 公司培训条件不能满足培训需求................................................................................22 3.4.4 基层员工培训缺乏长期规划........................................................................................22 第四章 A 航空公司基层员工培训体系优化设计 .......................................................................24 4.1 完善基层员工培训工作的必要性......................................................................................24 4.1.1 提高公司竞争力的需要................................................................................................24 4.1.2 调动员工积极性的需要................................................................................................24 4.2 培训方案优化依据与整体思路..........................................................................................24 4.2.1 以问题为导向进行培训目标及培训内容的制定........................................................24 4.2.2 方案设计的基本原则....................................................................................................25 4.3 培训体系优化的设计流程...................................................................................................26 4.3.1 培训需求的分析............................................................................................................26 4.3.2 培训方案的制定............................................................................................................27 4.3.3 培训方案的实施............................................................................................................27 4.3.4 培训效果的评估............................................................................................................27 4.4 培训体系优化的模型构建...................................................................................................28 4.4.1 优化模型的构建思路....................................................................................................28 4.4.2 工作技能指标的采集....................................................................................................29 4.4.3 工作技能指标的初步选择............................................................................................30 4.4.4 工作技能模型的构建....................................................................................................30 第五章 A 航空公司基层员工培训方案的实施与保障 ...............................................................34 5.1 充分重视基层员工的培训...................................................................................................34 5.2 培训的实施保障措施...........................................................................................................35 5.2.1 建立企业培训师资队伍................................................................................................35 5.2.2 建立规范科学的培训制度............................................................................................36V 5.2.3 培训的组织保障措施....................................................................................................36 5.3 培训成果转化.......................................................................................................................37 5.4 实施案例总结.......................................................................................................................37 第六章 总结与展望.......................................................................................................................38 6.1 研究结论...............................................................................................................................38 6.2 研究展望...............................................................................................................................38