油田联合站是所在区块内原油输送枢纽及油、气、水处理中心站场，通过 维修改造不断完善站内脱水及污水处理系统，使其在安全状态下平稳运行，是 油田平稳生产的重要保障。大庆油田作为老区油田，部分区块在联合站投产至 今，站内的储罐、容器、管网仅进行过简单的防腐维修，因运行时间较长，现 已严重腐蚀。设备设施老化问题所带来的安全隐患严重制约了油田日常安全生 产，且多处生产设施已不符合现行安全建设规范标准，站区总平面布局不合理、 生产工艺流程不适应性等矛盾日益凸显。因此，需对联合站暴露出的安全隐患 问题进行改造治理。 本文通过现场实地勘察、生产数据收集、专项安全评估，进行全方位的分 析研究，指出现场存在的安全隐患和工艺设备的不适应性问题，进而制定相应 的隐患整改和工艺改造方案，有针对性的进行方案的设计、对比和优选。根据 最终确定的施工方案，进行相关设备的工艺计算，确定具体的改造措施，充分 利用站内已建设备设施，优化工艺流程，优选新建设备，确保改造后工艺流程 节能、高效，投资最少，经济效益最高；同时对喇Ⅱ联合站站内安全、环境、 消防和节能等配套措施进行改造，以保证系统生产安全平稳运行。 本文的研究为老区油田联合站安全隐患治理改造提供了指导依据。经过现 场施工改造，可有效降低油田重要岗位生产事故发生率，进一步提高生产安全 保障系数，缓解油田安全运行压力。在解决安全隐患的同时，兼顾区域优化及 工艺简化、配套系统设备更新，岗位合理配置，提高油田自动化程度，对于站 库系统降低生产能耗、节省运行费用、减少劳动定员发挥重要作用。 关键词：联合站，安全评估，隐患整改，工艺改造，工艺计算东北石油大学工程硕士专业学位报告 III Feasibility Study on Potential Safety Hazard Control of the Central Treating Station ABSTRACT The central united station is the hub of oil transportation and the central oil-treating station of oil, gas and water in the block. In order to run smoothly under the safe condition, the dehydration and sewage treatment system in the station are continuously improved by maintenancing and transforming. It is an important guarantee for stable production in the oil field. Daqing oilfield is an old oilfield, some blocks for the central treating station of the storage tank, container and pipe network in Daqing oilfield station have been repaired only with simple antiseptic protection. Due to the long running time, these equipments have been seriously corroded now. The risks of security caused by the aging of equipment and facilities seriously restrict the daily safe production of oil fields, and many production facilities do not conform to the current standard of safety construction. The contradiction between general layout and unreasonable production process is becoming increasingly prominent. Therefore, it is necessary to transform the safety problems which is exposed by the central treating station. In this paper, comprehensive analysis and research on surveying field, collecting production data and assessing special safety, the existing potential safety hazard and the inadaptability of the process equipment were pointed out, then the corresponding hidden trouble rectification and technological transformation scheme are formulated, meanwhile, the designation, comparison and optimization of the plan were made targetly. According to the final construction plan, the process of related equipments was calculated, the specific transformation measures were determined, facilities and equipments built in the station were fully utilized, the process flow and the new equipment were optimized, which ensured the energy-saving, high-efficiency, minimal investment, and highest economict after the transformation of the process flow. At the same time, the supporting measures including the inner safety, environment, fire protection and energy conservation of the central treating stations of LaⅡ were transformed to ensure the safe and stable operation of system. The research in this paper provided guidance for the improvement of safety hidden danger in old oil field central treating station. After site construction, the accidental rate of important post production in oil field could be reduced effectively and the safety guarantee coefficient of production was further improved and the safe东北石油大学工程硕士专业学位报告 IV operation pressure of oil field was relieved. When the potential safety hazards were solved, considering the regional optimization, process simplification, updating of supporting systems, equipment rational allocation, the automation of oil fields was improved, it was important for the station and storage system to reduce the energy consumption, save the cost of operation and reduce the labor force. Keywords: the central treating station, safety assessmentt, hidden hazard rectification, technological transformation, process calculation东北石油大学工程硕士专业学位报告 V 目 录 学位报告独创性声明···································································································· I 学位报告使用授权声明································································································ I 摘要···························································································································II ABSTRACT·················································································································III 目 录···························································································································V 第一章 绪 论··············································································································1 1.1 选题背景和意义······························································································1 1.2 国内外研究现状······························································································1 1.2.1 风险评价研究现状················································································1 1.2.2 油田脱水工艺研究现状········································································3 1.3 本文研究的主要内容······················································································6 第二章 喇Ⅱ联合站现状分析······················································································8 2.1 联合站工艺改造背景······················································································8 2.2 联合站地理自然概况······················································································8 2.2.1 联合站地理位置····················································································8 2.2.2 联合站区域自然条件············································································8 2.2.3 区域原油、天然气、采出水物性························································9 2.3 联合站地面建设现状····················································································10 2.3.1 联合站基本概况··················································································10 2.3.2 联合站脱水系统生产运行现状··························································11 2.3.3 联合站脱水系统工艺设施现状··························································12 2.3.4 联合站消防、安全、环保设施配备现状··········································13 2.4 联合站安全现状分析····················································································14 2.4.1 联合站危险有害因素辨识与分析······················································14 2.4.2 联合站评价单元划分··········································································16 2.4.3 联合站风险评价方法选择和简介······················································16 2.4.4 联合站危险有害因素定性定量评价··················································24 2.4.5 联合站安全隐患分析及整改紧迫程度··············································26 2.4.6 联合站安全现状分析结果··································································41 第三章 脱水系统安全隐患治理方案设计及设备选取计算····································43 3.1 原油脱水工艺相关理论················································································43 3.2 脱水系统工艺改造技术路线研究································································43 3.3 脱水系统工艺改造设计要求········································································44 3.4 脱水系统工艺改造方案比选········································································45东北石油大学工程硕士专业学位报告 VI 3.5 脱水系统改造方案设备选取计算································································51 3.5.1 设计基础数据······················································································51 3.5.2 主要设备选型计算··············································································51 3.6 施工生产衔接措施························································································60 第四章 工程改造措施及改造工艺优势分析····························································61 4.1 站内工艺改造措施························································································61 4.2 站内相关改造措施························································································61 4.2.1 站内安全对策措施··············································································61 4.2.2 站内环境保护措施··············································································63 4.2.3 站内消防措施······················································································65 4.2.4 站内节能措施······················································································66 4.3 改造工艺优势分析························································································66 4.3.1 工艺设计标准化··················································································66 4.3.2 工艺设备安装模块化··········································································67 4.3.3 工艺设计模块化··················································································68 4.3.4 模块化预制、组装化施工··································································72 4.3.5 生产工艺管理数字化··········································································74 结 论··························································································································76