长期以来,犯罪这颗毒瘤一直困扰着人类社会尽管历史的车轮已进入折衷 刑时代,但面对犯罪率持续攀升与重犯率居高不下的严峻现实,传统刑事司法仍 然显得有些捉襟见肘20世纪70年代,基于对传统刑事司法连绵不绝的反思, 更有行刑社会化与被害人运动的兴起,西方社会开始孜孜不倦地探索另一种解决 社会冲突的新范式于是,在北美这块法治高度发达的土壤里诞生了一种/全新0 的刑事司法模式)恢复性司法它解决矛盾冲突的思路与传统报应性司法迥 异,在提升了被害人地位的基础上,更为注重犯罪人!被害人与社区之间利益平 衡,重视恢复与重建和谐的社会关系,从而向世人昭示出其独特的魅力与影响 或许正因为凸显了刑事司法也可以有/柔情与宽容0的另类魅力,在短短三十年 间,恢复性司法,受到西方社会以及联合国的大力推崇,引起了全世界的广泛关 注,大有引领西方乃至世界各国的刑事司法改革潮流之势 当然,恢复性司法的魅力也同样让国内学者的眼前为之一亮,给古老的华夏 大地带来了一场不小的震荡,在我国理论界与实务界都成为一个炙手可热的话 题,引起了对恢复性司法研究的持续高温一时间学者们纷纷对恢复性司法的理 论与实践模式进行介绍,对恢复性司法模式大加赞赏,大有拿来主义的趋势一 番冷静之后,反对之声也不绝于耳说到底,无休止的论争都集中在一个古老的 话题上)对法律移植可行性的思考上本文正是基于这种思考,尝试性地探究 对恢复性司法本土化的可行性{ 我国正处于社会转型时期,社会矛盾冲突的尖锐激烈引发了犯罪率高涨,社 会治安形式恶化,单一的传统刑事司法模式在这种背景下已经出现了力不从心的 情况,鱼需多元化的方式对犯罪进行有效的处理,以期实现社会效果与法律效果 的完美统一恢复性司法在这个时候给我们展示了另一种有别于传统司法的解决 模式我们完全有理由期待可以对恢复性司法进行借鉴,因为毋庸置疑,恢复性 司法具有传统刑事司法无法比拟的优点可我们也必须意识到恢复性司法本身也 存在着一定的缺陷,并非完美无缺;而且法律制度的移植又是一个复杂的综合性 问题,目前学者对恢复性司法是否能够在我国实现本土化并未达成一致观点这些因素都表明对该制度本土化之可行性论证的必要性和这个论题具有的重要现 实意义 全文除引言与结语之外共分四章,通过对恢复性司法理论的简要论述,在厘 清概念与阐明恢复性司法理念的基础上,对其在中国本土化的可行性从社会结 构!理念基础!制度层面!司法实践等几个方面进行探讨通过分析比较的方法 论证在中国构建恢复性司法制度必须多角度考虑其引入的障碍与优势最后得出 结论,尽管任重道远,但毕竟已经基本具备了其生存与发展的空间与平台,结合 我国具体情况实现恢复性司法的本土化在现阶段具有可行性- 第一章对恢复性司法进行简要论述介绍了恢复性司法的概念与特征,阐明 恢复性司法的基础理念)平衡与恢复,提出了对恢复性司法本土化进行研究的- 必要性问题 第二章阐述了社会结构对法律制度的影响,先通过分析恢复性司法与市民社 会的关系,再剖析了我国当前的社会结构,指出发育到一定程度的市民社会与社 区是恢复性司法的社会基础,现阶段我国的市民社会已经得到一定的发展,也具 有社区产生与存在的基础与可能性,从而论证了恢复性司法在我国具有践行的社 会结构空间 第三章论述了恢复性司法本土化的一些思想障碍,如国家本位价值观!重刑 观念和宗教观念方面的理念差异接着从和合观念和无讼思想方面出发论证我国 与恢复性司法的理念暗合,通过综合比较论证了恢复性司法本土化在理念上的可 行性 第四章从刑事法制度和严打刑事政策的心理传统等消极因素论证恢复性司 法本土化在制度上存在着一定的不兼容性;阐述调解制度!刑事和解制度的实践! 行刑社会化制度的探索与宽严相济刑事政策几方面的积极因素通过这样正反两 方面因素的对比与分析,指出恢复性司法在中国刑事司法领域具有践行和发展的 空间,具有制度引入的实践可行性 关键词:恢复性司法;可行性;社会结构;文化理念;制度实践Abstract ,crimehasplasuedhumansocietyWithalonghist卿#Eventhoughthewheelof historyhasenieredacolnPromisePenaltytime,butinthefaeeofri咖9Crlinerates andhighrePetitionrateofthe幼mreality,thotraditionalcriminaljustiee主sstilla littlestretched.玩70yearsof20theentury,basedontheendiess比fl比tionof traditionalcriminaljustiee!oeietyandmorevictimsofexecutionwasdone,thewest societybegintoexPloreanothertirelesslytosolvethenewParadiglnofsocialconfiict二 Thus,theruleoflawinNorthAmerica,highlydeveloPed5011,gavebirthtoan即汾 modelofcriminaljustiee一restorativejustiee.Itsolvedthecontradictionsand eonnictswhieh15differentwiththetraditionalideaofretributivejustiee.Taking raisingthestatusofthevictimsasthebasis,itfocusesonbalancebetweencrlme, vietimsandeommunity,emPhasizingtherehabilitationandreconst斑etionofa har幻以onioussoeialrelationinordertoshowtheworlditsuniquecharmandimPact. PerhaPshighlightstheerimin吐justieebeeausetheycanhavea010Veandtolerance,0 thecharmofthealternatiVe,inashortsPanofthreedeeades,restorat种ejustiee15 PoPularbytheWestaswellasadvoeateoftheUnitedNatinnswhiehhasaroused wideattentionfromallovertheworld.LeadingWesterneountriesandthewoild reformeriminaljustieeinthekindoftrend. O-cours/,-hecharm0-res,ora-ive.us/cea-soa,-racts.he0o-,ce0{schulaI.S.n eh诅a,whi山hasbroughtabigshockinmycount巧andhasbecomea加tindustry toPieinPractieeandtheoretiealcireles,eausingrestorativejustieeforthecontinuing studyofhightemPerature.TherestorativejustieetheoryandPracticeofmodel introductionofrestorativejusticemodel15muchaPPreciatedbyschofaxs#劝era eool一headed,ithasalsoheardoPPositionAfterall,endlessdebateshavefocusedon thet0Pieonanold一toconsiderthefeasibilityofthelawontransPlantation.This article15basedonthisthlnklng,andtriestoexPlorethenatureofrestorativejustieeon thefeasibilityofloealization. oureountry15inasocialtransition.Thesharpsoeialeontradietionsandeonflietstriggeredfiercerisingcrime,deterioratinglawandorderforms.asingl石modelofth traditionalcrlmin掀justieeinthiscontexthavebeenullabletodealwiththe circu刀stanees,anditneedsamulti一faeetedaPProachtoe月笼ctivolydealwith币me withaviewtoachievetheeffectofsoeietyandthelegaleffectofPe到免ctunit醉 浪estoratlvejustieeatthistimeshowsusanalternativesohitionwhich15different fromthetraditiondmodelofjustiee.w七haveeveryreasontolookforwardto leamingtorestorejustiee,beeausethereisnodoubtthatrestorativejustiee15 comPlyingwithtraditionalcrlminaljustieeunmatchedadvantages.Wealsoneedtobe -awarfrestorativjustieitseir,therears,mhortcomin邵,anditit Pe血ct:thetransPlantandthelegalsystem15acomPlicatedProblem.Scholars studyingthecurrentrestorativejustieeeannotaehieveinoUrcountryreacha eonsensusoPiniononwhethertheloealiZationeouldberealized.Allthesefactors showthatit15veryimPortantforstudyingthenecessityandfeasibilityofthe localizationofthesystem. InadditiontotheintroduCtionofthetext,it15dividedintofourchaPters# ThroughexPatiatingtherestorativejusticetheory,suchastheconcePtofrestorative justiee,its介asibililyofintheloealizationofChinesesoeialstructure,thesystem level,someasPectsofjudicialPraetiee,ete.AnglieizingandeomPrisingthemethods adoPtedinbuildingChineserestorativejustiee,itmustrestorethePersPectiVeofits manyobstaelesandadvantagesoftheintroduction.Finally,iteom比totheconclusion, eventhoughthere15alongwaytogo,butithasbasicallybeenwiththesurvivaland develoPmentofitssPaeewiththePlatform,eomblnedwiththesPecifiecircumstances ofoureountryandreali幻ngthelocal七ationofrestorat计ejustiee15feasibleatthe Presentstage# ThefirstChaPter15aboutthebriefofrestorativejustiee.IntrodueingtheconeePtof restorativejustieewiththecharaeteristicsofrestorativejustiee,it15todarifythebasie idea一restore,balanee,andPutsforwardtoProblemsthatneedtostudyrestorative justice.-ChaPter七刀015thesocialstrUctu邝w址chimPactsthele娜忠ystem.F如t粉,through theanaiysisofrestorativejustieewiththepublierelatfonssoclety,andthenanal邓es thecurrentsocials加ctureofoureountry,Pointingoutthattoacertainextentthatthe develoPmentofeivilsoeietyaudcominunityrestorativejusticearethosociaibaslsof eivilsocietyatthePresentstageofoureountry.itmusthavebeenthedeveloPmentof corn幻以unitiesand15alsothefoundationandthePossibilityofexistenee,which demonstratedthattherestorativejusticePractieeinoureountry15inaccordwi仇the sociaistructure. ChaPter111discussestheideaofsomeObstaclesinloealizationrestorativejustiee, suchaseountry一basedvalues,heavyeoneePtandtheideaoftheeoncePtofreligious differenees.ThenfromtheconeePtofhannony,itshowsthatinoureouniry,the concePtofrestorativejustieeeoincide,demonstratesthroughthecomParisonofthe loealizationofrestorativejustieeandthefeasibilityoftheconeePt. ChaPterIV,fromtheeriminallawsystemandcriminalPolicystrikePsychologieal, negativefaetors,suchasthetraditionalrestorativejustiee,loealizationsystems,exist ataeertainamountofincomPatibility;therearealsosomePositivefaetors,suehasthe mediationsystem,thePractieeofthecriminalsettlementsystem,theexecutionsystem, exPloringCriminalPolieyofCombinationofL启nieneyandHarshness.Through eomParingandanalyzingbothPositiveandnegativefaetors,itdemonstratesthat restoratlvejustieeinthefieldoferiminaljustieePraetieeanddeveloPmentofsPace,15 worthintrodueingrestorativejustieesystem,} KeyW心rds:RestorativeJustiee;Feasibility;SocialStruetUre;CultUre ConeePt;Praeti〔eSystem目录 内容摘要..............................................,...............................1 Abstract............................................,...,二........3 引言.................................................,............................l 一!恢复性司法简论.................................................................... (一)概述...........................................................................2 1!产生与发展............................................................... 2!概念与特征................................................................ 3!基本理念.................................................................. (二)本土化可行性研究之必要性............................................8 二!我国社会结构与恢复性司法本土化之可行性................................ (一)恢复性司法的社会结构基础............................................. 1!市民社会与恢复性司法的关系....,...........................10 2!社区与恢复性司法......................................................n (二)社会结构对我国法律制度的影响.......................................13 (三)可行性总结分析............................................................14 1!当前的社会结构状况分析.............................................14 2!市民社会的发展状况...................................................16 3!/社区0产生和存在的基础和可能性.................17 三!我国文化理念与恢复性司法本土化之可行性.................................20 (一)理念障碍.....................................................................20 1!国家本位价值观.........................................................20 2!重刑观念..................................................................21 3!宗教观念的差异..............................................去....22 (二)理念支持.....................................................................23 1!和合观念..................................................................23 2!无讼思想..................................................................24 3!深厚的羞耻感文化传统................................................25 (三)可行性总结分析............................................................26 四!我国相关制度实践与恢复性司法本土化之可行性..........................28 (一)制度障碍.....................................................................28 1!刑事法律制度总体偏于严苛,刑罚种类有限.....................28 2!/严打0刑事政策之心理传统.........................................9 (二)制度支持.....................................................................311!调解制度与恢复性司法的契合.......................................31 2!刑事和解制度探讨和实践.............................................32 3!行刑社会化制度探讨和实践..........................................34 4!宽严相济刑事政策的实践.............................................36 (三)可行性总结分析............................................................38 结语.................,...........................................................0 致谢......................,..............................,.............00.42