I 摘要 水资源是维持人类社会生存与发展的重要物质基础。随着现代工业的发展， 水污染问题日益严重。特别是工业染料废水由于具有有机物浓度高、毒性大，色 度高，成分复杂，难降解等特点，是一种典型的难降解有机废水，并且随着国家 制定的城市污水排放标准日益严格，印染废水成为目前社会关注的重点。传统的 废水处理技术很难实现让其达标排放，因此，研发一种高效、经济并且适用于染 料废水处理技术，对于印染行业的废水处理具有积极深远的意义。 生物碳是生物残余物在无氧或者厌氧条件下，经过高温氧化，形成的一种孔 隙发达、低密度并且碳含量丰富的一种碳材料。最早应用于改良土壤、保持水肥 等生态领域。国外有学者曾对生物碳进行表征，发现在表面结构上，生物碳和活 性碳具有很高的相似性。 本文以典型的染料金橙 II 作为研究对象，采用铁-生物碳微电解法对染料废 水进行研究，通过单因子条件实验，发现铁-生物碳微电解系统能够有效地对模 拟废水进行脱色降解，其最佳反应条件为，对于 50mL 浓度为 20mg/L 的酸性橙染 料废水，铁粉投加量为 0.2g，初始 pH 为 2.5，铁生物碳质量比为 2:1，反应时 间为 60min 是，酸性橙色度的去除率达到了 73.8%，反应时间为 120min 时，去 除率为 94.1%。 通过傅里叶变换红外光谱和电镜扫描探测生物碳反应前后表面结构的变化。 通过表面结构表征发现，经循环 4 次利用之后，生物碳的表面孔隙有部分被堵塞， 其活性降低了 7.2%，说明生物碳在工程上有很好的循环利用效果。 整个过程中均用活性碳作对比试验，结果发现，二者实验结果相差不大，在 该实验中，完全可以由造价低的生物碳代替碳活化比较高的活性碳。 关键词，偶氮染料、酸性橙、生物碳、活性碳、微电解Abstract I Abstract To maintain the survival and development of human society, water resources is an important material foundation . With the development of modern industry, water pollution is a growing problem. Especially industrial dye wastewater with a high concentration of organic matter, toxic, high color, complex composition, refractory and other characteristics, is a typical refractory organic wastewater. At the same time, with the increasingly stringent urban sewage discharge standards formulated by the state, dyeing wastewater become the focus of social concern. Conventional wastewater treatment technology is difficult to achieve the discharge standards, so researching and development an efficient, economical and suitable for dye wastewater treatment technology for printing and dyeing industry wastewater treatment has a positive and far-reaching significance. The biochars which are porous, low density carbon rich material, are biological residues combusted under low oxygen condition after the high temperature oxidation. Initial application in improving the quality of soil, keeping water and fertilizer and other ecological areas. Foreign scholars found the biochar and activated carbon with high similarity through structural characterization In this dissertation, one typical dyestuffs, Orange II, was chosen as the research object, The degradation of azo dye wastewater by iron-biochar micro-electrolysis system. Through the single factor condition experiment, the optimal reaction conditions are as follows: for 50mL the Orange II dye wastewater with the concentration of 20mg/L, iron powder dosage was 0.2g, initial pH 2.5, iron bio-carbon mass ratio of 2:1, the reaction time was 60min, the Orange II chroma removal rate reached 73.8%, and the reaction time was 120min, the removal rate of 94.1%. Detecting the change in the surface structure of the biochar before and after reaction by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and scanning electron microscopy. After four times recycling of biochar, the surface porosity was partially clogged through the characterization of the surface structure. The micro-electrolysis capacityAbstract II was reduced by 7.33% , still had a high activity. Through the whole process, compared biochar with activated carbon, showing that the experimental results of the two had little difference. in this experiment, the activated carbon with expense activation process can be replaced by the biochar with low cost. Keywords:Azo dye，Orange II， Biochar、Activated carbon、Micro-electrolysis目录 I 目 录 第一章 绪论................................................................................................................1 1.1 研究背景、目的及意义.....................................................................................1 1.1.1 研究背景...................................................................................................1 1.1.2 我国工业污水排放及治理现状...............................................................1 1.2 偶氮染料废水的特点.........................................................................................3 1.3 国内外偶氮染料废水处理技术现状..................................................................4 1.3.1 物理法 ...........................................................................................................4 1.3.2 化学法 ...........................................................................................................6 1.3.3 生化法 .........................................................................................................11 1.4 铁碳微电解研究现状.......................................................................................12 1.4.1 铁碳微电解法概述 .....................................................................................12 1.4.2 铁碳微电解法反应原理 .............................................................................12 1.4.3 铁碳微电解工艺在印染废水治理中的研究现状 .....................................13 1.5 生物碳的研究现状...........................................................................................14 1.6 本报告研究的主要内容、目的及意义...........................................................15 1.7 本报告研究的意义与创新...............................................................................15 第二章 实验仪器与分析测试方法..........................................................................17 2.1 实验仪器...........................................................................................................17 2.2 实验药品...........................................................................................................17 2.2.1 实验材料的预处理 ....................................................................................17 2.2.2 模拟废水的配制 ........................................................................................18 2.3 实验方案...........................................................................................................18 目录 II 2.4 实验方法...........................................................................................................18 2.4.1 铁碳微电解处理金橙 II .............................................................................18 2.4.2 分析测试方法 ............................................................................................19 第三章 实验结果与分析..........................................................................................21 3.1 单因素实验.......................................................................................................21 3.1.1 铁碳质量比对铁碳微电解处理效果的影响 ............................................21 3.1.2 pH 对铁碳微电解反应的影响....................................................................23 3.1.3 盐度对铁碳微电解效果的影响 ................................................................24 3.2 生物碳和活性碳的回收利用...........................................................................26 3.3 UV‐VIS 光谱分析...............................................................................................29 3.4 本章小结...........................................................................................................31 第四章 结论与展望..................................................................................................32 4.1 结论...................................................................................................................32 4.2 展望...................................................................................................................32