随着经济的快速发展与人们生活质量的日益提升，生鲜农产品在市场中的比重 逐渐攀升，冷链物流迅猛发展，但同时也暴露出了诸多弊端，产品损耗率大，供应 链各节点企业间缺乏协同，这严重制约了我国现代农业的发展。鉴于此，论文基于 腐损保鲜的视角，以一个供应商与一个零售商组成的单周期二级冷链系统为例，充 分考虑不同生鲜农产品的腐损属性和市场需求特点，分别在确定性需求和随机市场 需求两种情形下，讨论生鲜农产品的最优库存、定价及保鲜策略，并在不同的激励 契约机制下分析供应链的协调与优化。 论文首先研究消费者需求同时受价格和新鲜度影响的生鲜农产品供应链库存模 型，考虑保鲜努力对产品质量与数量损耗的双重影响，尤其突出刻画两者之间的内 在联系，以利润最大化为决策目标，分别在集中决策与分散决策两种模式下讨论供 应链的最优补货量与定价策略，并通过引入一个基于利润协调的收益共享契约机制 实现分散决策系统的帕累托改进，以达到“共赢”。随后，通过算例仿真验证了模 型的正确性，同时对保鲜努力、价格弹性因子等部分系统参数进行了灵敏度分析， 并给出了相应的管理建议。 进一步，论文将需求函数进行扩展，给出了需求不确定且部分受保鲜努力影响 的随机需求函数，假设产品数量与质量腐损并存，并在成本函数中综合考虑了库存 成本与缺货成本，研究质量腐损控制下供应链最优库存、保鲜决策与协调问题。对 比分析了产品保鲜与不保鲜，独立运作与一体化运作在供应链决策与绩效上的差异， 随后，针对集中决策模式中零售商利润受损问题，提出了基于风险分担的回购契约 协调机制。最后，通过算例验证了回购价在一定范围内取值时可以实现集中型供应 链的有效协调，并对模型部分参数进行了灵敏度分析。 本研究旨在充分说明不同环境下保鲜努力及一体化运作对供应链获利能力的影 响，其对于有效降低生鲜农产品损耗率，保障产品质量，提升供应链整体绩效水平 等都具有重要参考价值。 关键词： 生鲜农产品； 保鲜努力； 损耗； 库存决策； 供应链协调II Abstract With the rapid development of economy and the increasing improvement of people's quality of life, the proportion of fresh agricultural products in the market is gradually rising, and cold chain logistics is developing rapidly, but at the same time, it also exposes many drawbacks, such as high product loss rate, lack of coordination among enterprises in the supply chain, which seriously restricts the development of modern agriculture in China. In view of this, from the perspective of decay preservation, this paper takes a single-cycle two-stage cold chain system composed of a supplier and a retailer as an example, fully considers the decay attributes and market demand characteristics of different fresh agricultural products, and discusses the optimal inventory, pricing and preservation strategies of fresh agricultural products under deterministic demand and stochastic market demand, respectively, and cooperates in different situations. Analysis of supply chain coordination and optimization under contract. Firstly, this paper studies the inventory model of fresh agricultural products supply chain, which is affected by both price and freshness of consumers' demand. Considering the dual effects of preservation efforts on product quality and quantity loss, the paper highlights the internal relationship between the two. With profit maximization as the goal of decision-making, the paper discusses the optimal order quantity and pricing strategy of supply chain under centralized and decentralized decision-making modes respectively. And Pareto improvement of decentralized decision-making system by introducing a profit-sharing contract mechanism based on profit coordination to achieve win-win. Subsequently, the validity of the model is verified by numerical simulation. At the same time, sensitivity analysis of some system parameters such as preservation effort and price elasticity factor is carried out, and corresponding management suggestions are given. Furthermore, the paper extends the demand function and gives the stochastic demand function with uncertain demand and partly affected by the preservation effort. Assuming that the quantity and quality of products are corrupted, the inventory costIII and the shortage cost are considered comprehensively in the cost function. The optimal inventory, preservation decision and coordination of supply chain under quality control are studied. The differences of decision-making and performance between product fresh-keeping and non-fresh-keeping, independent operation and integrated operation in supply chain are compared and analyzed. Then, aiming at the problem of retailer's profit loss in centralized decision-making mode, the coordination mechanism of buy-back contract based on risk sharing is proposed. Finally, an example is given to verify that the effective coordination of centralized supply chain can be achieved when the repurchase price is selected within a certain range, and the sensitivity analysis of some parameters of the model is carried out. The purpose of this study is to fully illustrate the impact of fresh-keeping efforts and integrated operation on the profitability of supply chain in different environments. It has important reference value for effectively reducing the loss rate of fresh agricultural products, ensuring product quality and improving the overall performance level of supply chain. Key words: Fresh agricultural products; preservation efforts; deteriorating; inventory decision making; supply chain coordinationIV 目录 第一章 绪论.........................................................................................................................1 第一节 研究背景与研究意义......................................................................................1 一、研究背景及问题.............................................................................................1 二、研究目的及意义.............................................................................................2 第二节 主要内容及技术路线图..................................................................................3 一、主要内容.........................................................................................................3 二、技术路线图.....................................................................................................4 第三节 研究方法及创新点..........................................................................................5 一、研究方法.........................................................................................................5 二、论文创新点.....................................................................................................6 第二章 文献综述.................................................................................................................7 第一节 保鲜努力控制下易腐属性的研究..................................................................7 一、基于数量腐损的控制.....................................................................................7 二、基于质量腐损的控制.....................................................................................9 三、基于数量与质量共同腐损的控制...............................................................10 第二节 保鲜努力相关的市场需求的研究................................................................11 一、确定性需求...................................................................................................11 二、随机需求.......................................................................................................13 第三节 生鲜农产品供应链协调契约的研究............................................................15 一、收益共享契约协调研究...............................................................................15 二、回购合同协调研究.......................................................................................15 第四节 研究述评........................................................................................................16 第三章 相关概念及理论基础...........................................................................................18 第一节 生鲜农产品的变质损耗性............................................................................18 一、生鲜农产品与一般变质产品间的区别.......................................................18 二、保鲜努力与产品损耗的关系描述...............................................................18 第二节 易腐品库存决策模式相关理论....................................................................19 一、集中决策与分散决策概述...........................................................................19 二、集中控制决策模式的优越性.......................................................................20 第三节 供应链协调契约理论....................................................................................21 第四章 确定性需求下供应链最优决策与收益共享协调研究.......................................24 第一节 问题描述........................................................................................................24 第二节 模型假设及符号说明....................................................................................25 一、模型假设.......................................................................................................25V 二、符号说明.......................................................................................................26 第三节 模型构建........................................................................................................27 一、零售商库存模型...........................................................................................27 二、供应商库存模型...........................................................................................27 第四节 模型求解........................................................................................................28 一、分散决策模式分析.......................................................................................28 二、集中决策模式分析.......................................................................................30 三、分散型供应链收益共享契约协调...............................................................31 第五节 算例及灵敏度分析........................................................................................33 一、算例仿真及结果分析...................................................................................33 二、系统参数的灵敏度分析...............................................................................34 第六节 本章小结........................................................................................................39 第五章 随机需求下供应链最优决策与回购协调研究...................................................41 第一节 问题描述........................................................................................................41 第二节 模型假设及符号说明....................................................................................42 一、模型假设.......................................................................................................42 二、符号说明.......................................................................................................43 第三节 非协调模型的构建与求解............................................................................44 一、基于报童模型的成本收益分析...................................................................44 二、供应链集中决策模式...................................................................................45 三、供应链分散决策模式...................................................................................47 四、集中决策与分散决策模式的绩效对比.......................................................48 第四节 集中型供应链回购契约协调模型................................................................49 第五节 算例及灵敏度分析........................................................................................50 一、算例分析.......................................................................................................50 二、系统参数的灵敏度分析...............................................................................51 第六节 本章小结........................................................................................................54 第六章 总结与展望...........................................................................................................55 第一节 研究总结........................................................................................................55 第二节 研究展望........................................................................................................56