RK集中污水处理厂项目位于广东银洲湖纸业基地，其特色在于，代替各造纸厂分 散的污水处理设备，采用成熟、先进的工艺设备，建设成为高标准、高要求的集中污水 处理厂，是对造纸行业传统商业模式的一种创新，集中污水处理由于具有规模效应使处 理成本大幅度降低，进而提高造纸企业市场竞争力，实现企业和客户双赢。 本商业计划书首先介绍了广东银洲湖纸业基地和投资方RK环保公司的基本情况及 RK集中污水处理厂项目自身的情况，接着分析了项目所在地的政策环境、经济环境、 社会环境、技术环境的现状。随后分析项目的市场竞争状况，利用SWOT分析工具分析 项目面临的内部优势和劣势以及外部机会和威胁。分析表明RK集中污水处理厂项目具 有良好的市场环境和前景，具有政策优势、区位优势、低成本优势，虽然项目面临着环 保责任风险大的威胁，受基地内造纸企业生产情况影响大的劣势，但都处于可控的范围 内。本计划书对项目投运后的运营管理进行了规划和设计，制定了组织框架和职责分工。 本商业计划书还对项目进行了财务预测和分析，编制了财务报表。通过财务报表分 析可知，投产第三年开始盈利。按基准贴现率 8%计算的项目净现值为 1104 万元，内部 收益率为 9.04%，动态回收期 15.37 年，投资回报率符合公共服务项目的特征，也满足 了股东的要求。最后，进行了项目风险分析，发现项目的潜在风险主要有政策风险和管 理风险，提出了应对不同风险的对策，项目的风险处于在可防、可控范围。从上述的一 系列分析结果可知，本项目技术可行，财务指标良好，风险可承受，具有良好的发展前 景。 关键词，商业计划书；集中污水处理；财务评价；风险分析II Abstract The RK centralized wastewater treatment plant project is located in Guangdong Silver Island Lake paper base, its characteristic lies in: to replace the paper mill decentralized wastewater treatment equipments, using mature and advanced technologies and equipments, under high standard and high demand. It is an important project in the circular economy industrial chain of concentrated water intaking, cascade utilization, recycling, centralized pollution control, unified emission , which is the paper industry base planning. In this business plan, the fundamental state of Guangdong Silver Island Lake paper base, RK Company and RK project is introduced firstly, then the environment of policy, economy, society and technology is analyzed. The Five Forces Model has been used in order to analyze the market competition status of the project, and the SWOT method has been used to analyze the internal strengths and weaknes, as well as external opportunities and threats. It is indicated that the RK project has a good market environment and prospect, location advantages, policy advantages and shareholder advantages. Even though the project faces the threats from customer relationship, as well as the weakness of lack of management experience, the threats and weakness is controllable. The future operation and management have been planned and designed. Through the financial statement analysis, this project will begin to profit from the second year after putting into production. The net present value of the project is 13.99 million yuan according to the basic discount rate of 8%, the internal rate of return is 9.46%, the dynamic recovery period is 15.1 years, the rate of return on investment is in accordance with the features of public service projects, also meets the demands of shareholders. Finally, the risks are analyzed and the potential risks including policy risk, technology risk, management risk and market risk are found. Some countermeasures to cope with different risks are put forward, and the risks are in preventable, controllable range. Above all, with feasible technologies, good financial index, and the acceptable risks, this project has good prospects for development. Key words，Business plan; Centralized wastewater treatment plant; Financial evaluation; Risk analysisIII 目 录 摘要...........................................................................................................................................I Abstract ......................................................................................................................................II 图表清单.................................................................................................................................VII 第一章 绪论..............................................................................................................................1 1.1 研究背景和意义 .............................................................................................................. 1 1.1.1 研究背景.................................................................................................................... 1 1.1.2 研究意义.................................................................................................................... 2 1.2 造纸废水处理技术文献综述 .......................................................................................... 2 1.2.1 造纸废水深度处理新技术........................................................................................ 3 1.2.2 工程案例.................................................................................................................... 5 1.2.3 废水深度处理运行费用............................................................................................ 7 1.2.4 造纸废水动态内循环技术专利................................................................................ 7 1.3 企业管理文献综述 .......................................................................................................... 7 1.3.1 战略管理.................................................................................................................... 7 1.3.2 运作管理................................................................................................................... 8 1.3.3 营销管理.................................................................................................................... 9 1.4 研究方法和内容 ............................................................................................................ 10 第二章 项目背景及概况........................................................................................................12 2.1 广东银洲湖纸业基地概况 ............................................................................................ 12 2.1.1 规划及现状.............................................................................................................. 12 2.1.2 纸业基地循环经济发展规划.................................................................................. 12 2.1.3 纸业基地的发展前景.............................................................................................. 13 2.2 项目投资方 RK 环保公司概况..................................................................................... 14 2.3RK 集中污水处理厂项目概况....................................................................................... 15 2.3.1 建设规模与目标...................................................................................................... 16 2.3.2 技术方案................................................................................................................. 16 2.3.3 主要技术经济指标.................................................................................................. 17 2.3.4 主要消耗指标.......................................................................................................... 18IV 2.4 项目的优势 .................................................................................................................... 18 2.4.1 项目的低成本优势.................................................................................................. 18 2.4.2 项目的政策优势...................................................................................................... 19 2.5 本章小结 ........................................................................................................................ 19 第三章 项目外部环境和优劣势分析....................................................................................21 3.1 宏观环境分析 ................................................................................................................ 21 3.1.1 政策环境.................................................................................................................. 21 3.1.2 经济环境.................................................................................................................. 22 3.1.3 社会环境.................................................................................................................. 24 3.1.4 技术环境.................................................................................................................. 25 3.2 行业环境分析 ................................................................................................................ 26 3.2.1 行业内竞争者.......................................................................................................... 26 3.2.2 潜在进入者的威胁.................................................................................................. 27 3.2.3 替代品的威胁.......................................................................................................... 27 3.2.4 客户议价能力.......................................................................................................... 27 3.2.5 供应商议价能力...................................................................................................... 28 3.3 投资项目 SWOT 综合分析 ........................................................................................... 29 3.3.1 项目优势分析.......................................................................................................... 29 3.3.2 项目劣势分析.......................................................................................................... 30 3.3.3 项目机会分析.......................................................................................................... 30 3.3.4 项目威胁分析.......................................................................................................... 31 3.4 本章小结 ........................................................................................................................ 31 第四章 项目战略定位及发展策略........................................................................................32 4.1 低成本、低价格的项目战略 ........................................................................................ 32 4.2 保持项目低成本、低价格的发展策略 ........................................................................ 32 4.2.1 建设期成本控制策略.............................................................................................. 32 4.2.2 运营期成本控制策略.............................................................................................. 33 4.2.3 低价格的可持续发展策略...................................................................................... 34 4.3 本章小结 ........................................................................................................................ 35 第五章 项目运作组织设计....................................................................................................36V 5.1 企业文化 ........................................................................................................................ 36 5.2 组织机构 ........................................................................................................................ 36 5.3 工作职责 ........................................................................................................................ 37 5.4 人员规划 ........................................................................................................................ 39 5.5 管理模式 ........................................................................................................................ 40 5.6 本章小结 ........................................................................................................................ 40 第六章 财务预测与分析........................................................................................................41 6.1 项目财务评价基础数据 ................................................................................................ 41 6.2 投资估算 ........................................................................................................................ 42 6.2.1 工程概况.................................................................................................................. 42 6.2.2 项目投入总资金...................................................................................................... 43 6.2.3 分年度资金投入计划.............................................................................................. 43 6.3 融资方案 ........................................................................................................................ 43 6.3.1 资金来源.................................................................................................................. 43 6.3.2 融资方案分析.......................................................................................................... 44 6.4 财务报表分析 ................................................................................................................ 45 6.4.1 现金流量表分析...................................................................................................... 45 6.4.2 利润表分析.............................................................................................................. 46 6.4.2 资产负债表分析...................................................................................................... 46 6.5 投资回报分析 ................................................................................................................ 47 6.5.1 净现值法.................................................................................................................. 47 6.5.2 投资回收期法.......................................................................................................... 47 6.5.3 内部收益率法.......................................................................................................... 48 6.5.4 盈亏平衡分析.......................................................................................................... 48 6.6 敏感性分析 .................................................................................................................... 49 6.7 本章小结 ........................................................................................................................ 50 第七章 项目风险分析及应对策略........................................................................................52 7.1 风险因素 ........................................................................................................................ 52 7.1.1 政策风险.................................................................................................................. 52 7.1.2 技术风险.................................................................................................................. 53VI 7.1.3 管理风险.................................................................................................................. 53 7.1.4 市场风险.................................................................................................................. 53 7.2 风险控制 ........................................................................................................................ 53 7.2.1 政策风险对策.......................................................................................................... 54 7.2.2 技术风险对策.......................................................................................................... 54 7.2.3 管理风险对策.......................................................................................................... 54 7.2.4 市场风险对策.......................................................................................................... 54 7.3 本章小结 ........................................................................................................................ 55 结 论........................................................................................................................................56