：风险控制为融资租赁公司进行项目风险管理的有效手段之一。目 前中铁华隧公司融资租赁所面临的行业环境愈发复杂，由于公司风险控制 体系不完善，导致公司不能有效控制风险，限制了公司的发展。本课题对 中铁华隧公司融资租赁风险控制问题进行研究，通过案例研究法、理论联 系实际的方式，分析并解决该公司实际盾构机融资租赁项目风险控制中遇 到的问题，对中铁华隧公司及同行业公司有一定的实用意义。 论文的主要研究内容如下： （1）通过对中铁华隧公司基本情况的描述以及公司融资租赁经营数 据的分析，表明了中铁华隧公司目前的业务现状。 （2）阐述了中铁华隧公司目前盾构机融资租赁项目的风险组织架构、 风险控制流程、各阶段风险控制的现状以及风险类别。采用了问卷调查的 方式，从公司内部高层人员和行业内专家的角度了解中铁华隧公司当前融 资租赁风险控制的现状及不足，再结合公司以往的出险案例来分析说明在 盾构机融资租赁项目风险控制过程中具体存在的问题，这些问题主要有： 缺乏专业风控人才导致操作风险；尽职调查存在缺陷导致信用风险和道德 风险；租赁资产管理机制不完善导致市场风险。本文结合理论知识，从内 部和外部两个方面对问题的原因进行了分析。 （3）最后，论文从内部方面和外部方面提出了完善中铁华隧公司融 资租赁项目风险控制的对策，其中内部对策主要有：一是提高风险控制的 意识，二是完善公司风险控制组织结构，三是积极引入专业人才、提高人 员素质，四是建立尽职调查的监督与责任追究制度，五是规范资产管理工II 作；外部对策主要有：健全相关法律法规、推行赁物强制登记制度。希望 通过以上对策，能够帮助中铁华隧公司优化融资租赁业务的风险控制，降 低风险损失。 关键词：中铁华隧公司；融资租赁；风险控制；盾构机项目；问卷调查III Researchon Risk Control of Financial Leasing Project--ACase Study of China Railway Huatung Company Fang Zhaohui(MBA) Directed by Li Dongsheng Abstract: Risk control is one of the limited means for financial leasing companies to carry out project risk management. At present, China Railway Huatunneling Corporation is facing more and more complex industry environment. Because of the imperfect risk control system, the company can not effectively control the risk, which limits the company's development. This topic studies the risk control of financing lease of China Railway Huatunneling Company. Through case study method, theory and practice, it analyses and solves the problems encountered in the risk control of the company's actual financing lease project. It has a certain practical significance for China Railway Huatunneling Company and the same industry company. The main contents of this paper are as follows: Firstly, through the description of the basic situation of China RailwayHuatung company and the analysis of the company's financial leasing operation data, it shows the current business situation of China Railway Huatung company. Secondly, this thesis expounds the risk organization structure, risk control process and risk categories of the current shield machine financing leasing project of China Railway Huatunneling Company. This paper adopts the method of questionnaire survey to understand the current situation and shortcomings of the risk control of financing lease in China Railway Huatunneling Company from the perspective of senior staff and experts in the industry. Then it combines with the past insurance cases of the company to analyze and explain the specific problems in the process of risk control ofIV shield machine financing lease project. The main problems are as follows: lack of professional wind control personnel leads to operational risk; due diligence defects lead to credit risk and moral risk; imperfect management mechanism of leased assets leads to market risk. Combining with theoretical knowledge, this paper analyses the causes of the problems from both internal and external aspects. Finally, this thesis puts forward the countermeasures to improve the risk control of the financing lease project of China Railway Huatunneling Company from the internal and external aspects. The internal countermeasures are as follows: first, to enhance the awareness of risk control; second, to improve the organizational structure of risk control; third, to actively introduce professionals and improve the quality of personnel; fourth, to establish the supervision and accountability system of due diligence investigation; and fifth, to improve the organizational structure of risk control of the company. Standardize the management of assets; the external countermeasures include: improving the relevant laws and regulations, and implementing the compulsory registration system of leasing property. It is hoped that the above measures can help China Railway Huatunneling Company to optimize the risk control of financial leasing business and reduce risk losses. Keywords: China Railway Huatung Company; Financing lease; Risk control; Shield machine project; Questionnaire investigationV 目 录 第 1 章 绪论............................................................................................1 1.1 研究背景及意义...........................................................................................1 1.1.1 研究背景...........................................................................................1 1.1.2 研究意义...........................................................................................2 1.2 国内外研究的现状.......................................................................................3 1.2.1 国内外有关融资租赁的研究现状...................................................3 1.2.2 国内外有关融资租赁风险控制的研究现状...................................4 1.2.3 国内外研究评述...............................................................................6 1.3 研究思路与方法...........................................................................................6 1.3.1 研究思路...........................................................................................6 1.3.2 研究方法...........................................................................................7 1.4 研究内容.....................................................................................................8 第 2 章 融资租赁及风险控制的相关理论.............................................9 2.1 融资租赁及融资租赁项目...........................................................................9 2.1.1 融资租赁的定义...............................................................................9 2.1.2 融资租赁主要模式...........................................................................9 2.1.3 我国融资租赁发展历程................................................................ 10 2.2 风险控制理论............................................................................................ 12 2.2.1 风险控制概念................................................................................ 12 2.2.2 信息不对称理论............................................................................ 13 2.2.3 委托-代理理论.............................................................................. 14 第 3 章 中铁华隧公司融资租赁项目风险控制现状...........................15 3.1 中铁华隧公司介绍.................................................................................... 15VI 3.1.1 中铁华隧公司基本情况................................................................ 15 3.1.2 中铁华隧公司融资租赁项目现状................................................ 15 3.2 中铁华隧公司融资租赁项目风险控制的现状........................................ 18 3.2.1 风险控制的组织架构.................................................................... 18 3.2.2 风险控制的流程............................................................................ 20 3.2.3 各阶段风险控制现状.................................................................... 20 3.3 中铁华隧公司融资租赁项目风险识别.................................................... 27 3.4 中铁华隧公司融资租赁项目风险评价分析............................................ 30 3.4.1 风险评价过程................................................................................ 30 3.4.2 风险评价标准................................................................................ 30 3.4.3 风险评价结果................................................................................ 31 第 4 章 中铁华隧公司融资租赁项目风险控制问题及原因...............33 4.1 中铁华隧公司融资租赁项目风险控制的问卷调查................................ 33 4.1.1 调查目的........................................................................................ 33 4.1.2 问卷设计........................................................................................ 33 4.1.3 调查结果........................................................................................ 34 4.2 中铁华隧公司融资租赁项目风险控制的问题........................................ 36 4.2.1 缺乏专业风控人才导致操作风险................................................ 36 4.2.2 尽职调查存在缺陷导致信用风险和道德风险............................ 38 4.2.3 租赁资产管理机制不完善导致市场风险.................................... 40 4.3 中铁华隧公司融资租赁项目风险控制问题的原因分析....................... 42 4.3.1 内部原因........................................................................................ 42 4.3.2 外部原因........................................................................................ 44 第 5 章 中铁华隧公司融资租赁项目风险防范与控制对策...............47 5.1 内部对策.................................................................................................... 47 5.1.1 提高风险控制的意识.................................................................... 47VII 5.1.2 完善公司风险控制组织结构........................................................ 47 5.1.3 积极引入专业人才，提高人员素质............................................ 49 5.1.4 建立监督与责任追究制度............................................................ 51 5.1.5 规范资产管理工作........................................................................ 52 5.2 外部对策.................................................................................................... 53 5.2.1 健全相关法律法规........................................................................ 53 5.2.2 推行租赁物强制登记制度............................................................ 54 第 6 章 结论与展望..............................................................................55 6.1 研究结论.................................................................................................... 55 6.2 展望............................................................................................................ 56