摘 要 近年来，随着经济全球化以及全球贸易环境复杂化，经济、技术、政治、社 会都已经进入了多变、快速更新迭代的时代。对于建筑行业，这种复杂的环境影 响极大，逼迫建筑企业开展转型升级。而建筑行业的物料采购成本约占总成本的 60%，而且还因为需要垫付大量资金来进行建设生产，尤其在材料采购方面基本 要先行垫付。同时业主的资金回笼周期较长，所以建筑企业只能够从采购成本方 面入手，通过改变传统的采购模式，采用集中采购的方式，引入供应链金融等工 具，从总体上降低供应链总成本，完成采购供应链平台的搭建，是未来发展的必 由之路。 对于建筑集团企业如何强化物资材料的计划、采购和使用管理，保证有计划 地进行资金运作，是当前建筑施工企业正在重点思考和急需解决的问题。而构建 新型的采购供应链平台，就是解决这个问题的创新方法。本文的研究目的是通过 以 G 集团为代表的大型民营建筑企业构建与实施采购供应链平台，为建筑行业未 来的采购供应链发展提供参考案例。本文通过运用了集中采购、互联网采购、供 应链金融等方法，将 G 集团的采购供应链平台进行构建并实施，这将会使 G 集团 的采购与供应链管理能力得到质的飞跃，为集团的发展打下坚实的基础。因此， 本文的研究结论是建筑行业需加强采购管理能力，大力推行集中采购，纳入供应 链金融作为资金保障，同时构建互联网采购平台。 本文的创新之处是探索集中采购、互联网、供应链金融三者的有效融合，这 也符合国家对于大力发展互联网、供给侧改革的理念与方向，这个平台的成功实 施将能彻底改变旧有的运作模式，给企业带来非常强大的核心竞争力。 关键词：采购供应链平台，集中采购，互联网采购，供应链金融VI 目 录 致谢..........................................................................................................................................III ABSTRACT.............................................................................................................................IV 摘 要.......................................................................................................................................V LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS ..................................................................................................VI TABLE OF CONTENTS ........................................................................................................VII 目 录.......................................................................................................................................X LIST OF TABLES ................................................................................................................ XIII 表 目 录...........................................................................................................................XIV LIST OF FIGURES................................................................................................................ XV 图 目 录...........................................................................................................................XVI 1 引言........................................................................................................................................ 1 1.1 研究的背景和意义......................................................................................................... 1 1.1.1 研究背景...................................................................................................................... 1 1.1.2 研究意义...................................................................................................................... 2 1.2 研究的思路..................................................................................................................... 3 1.3 研究的方法..................................................................................................................... 4 2 文献综述................................................................................................................................ 5 2.1 供应链管理概念综述..................................................................................................... 5 2.2 棋盘博弈采购法综述..................................................................................................... 7 2.2.1 4 种基本战略.......................................................................................................... 10 2.2.2 16 种采购杠杆........................................................................................................ 12 2.2.3 64 种采购方法....................................................................................................... 14 2.3 集中采购模式概述....................................................................................................... 15 2.3.1 集中采购................................................................................................................ 15 2.3.2 分散采购................................................................................................................ 17 2.3.3 混合采购................................................................................................................ 18 2.3.4 采购模式的选择.................................................................................................... 19 2.4 供应链金融概述........................................................................................................... 20 2.4.1 常见的供应链金融模式........................................................................................ 24 2.4.2 建筑行业的供应链金融模式................................................................................ 27XI 2.5 采购供应链平台概述................................................................................................... 28 2.6 采购供应链平台实施的目的和意义........................................................................... 29 3 G 集团现状分析................................................................................................................... 31 3.1 G 集团基本情况介绍.................................................................................................... 31 3.2 G 集团组织架构............................................................................................................ 32 3.3 G 集团旗下供应链公司简介........................................................................................ 33 4 采购供应链平台的构建...................................................................................................... 34 4.1 采购供应链管理现状和关键问题............................................................................... 34 4.1.1 G 集团采购供应链现状......................................................................................... 34 4.1.2 G 集团采购供应链访谈调查分析......................................................................... 35 4.1.2.1 访谈提纲的设计.................................................................................................. 35 4.1.2.2 访谈结果分析...................................................................................................... 36 4.1.3 G 集团采购供应链面临的关键问题..................................................................... 36 4.2 采购供应链平台实施的阶段计划................................................................................ 38 4.3 G 集团内部采购供应链管理能力提升的几个方面.................................................... 38 4.3.1 采购流程制度的改进提升..................................................................................... 38 4.3.2 采购供应链系统的改进提升................................................................................. 39 4.3.3 供应商群体能力的改进提升................................................................................. 40 4.3.4 采购供应链人员的能力提升................................................................................. 41 4.4 G 集团棋盘博弈采购法的实际应用............................................................................ 42 4.4.1 较低的需求博弈力及供应博弈力........................................................................ 43 4.4.2 较低的需求博弈力及较高的供应博弈力............................................................ 44 4.4.3 较高的需求博弈力及较低的供应博弈力............................................................ 45 4.4.4 较高的需求博弈力及供应博弈力........................................................................ 46 5 采购供应链平台的实施....................................................................................................... 48 5.1 G 集团的集中采购实施................................................................................................ 48 5.1.1 集中采购模式下的采购计划制定......................................................................... 48 5.1.2 集中采购物料的分类............................................................................................. 50 5.1.3 集中采购模式下的供应商管理............................................................................. 55 5.2 G 集团的供应链金融模式实施.................................................................................... 58 5.2.1 供应链金融业务的价值......................................................................................... 59XII 5.2.2 供应链金融在 G 集团中的直接应用.................................................................... 60 5.3 G 集团的“集中采购+互联网+供应链金融”采购供应链平台实施 ....................... 61 6 结论及展望........................................................................................................................... 66 6.1 结论................................................................................................................................ 66 6.2 展望................................................................................................................................ 67 6.2.1 研究展望................................................................................................................. 67 6.2.2 对 G 集团的采购供应链平台实施的展望............................................................ 67 参考文献..................................................................................................................................68 附录 I ......................................................................................................................................71XIII LIST OF TABLES Table 2-1Relevant policies from 2017 to 2018 ........................................................................ 20 Table 2-2 Financing situation of enterprises in 2017 ............................................................... 22 Table 4-1 Training Program for Procurement Supply Chain Participants in G Group............ 42 Table 5-1 Time schedule for overall collection plan and monthly progress ............................ 48 Table 5-2 Classification of Materials by Centralized Procurement ......................................... 50 Table 5-3 definition of supplier management in G Group....................................................... 55 Table 5-4 content of supplier management .............................................................................. 57 Table 5-5 revenue estimation of different pricing of 500-million-yuan in accounts payable.. 59 Table 5-6 system functions of the procurement supply chain platform................................... 62 Table of Document Approval Duration Days .......................................................................... 73XIV 表 目 录 表 2-1 2017-2018 年出台的政策...........................................................................................20 表 2-2 2017 年企业融资现状 ................................................................................................22 表 4-1 G 集团采购供应链人才培训计划..............................................................................42 表 5-1 总计划、月计划要求上报时间节点 ........................................................................48 表 5-2 G 集团的集中采购物料分类表..................................................................................50 表 5-3 G 集团供应商管理的各种定义..................................................................................55 表 5-4 供应商管理主要环节 ................................................................................................57 表 5-5 5 亿元应付账款的不同定价收益测算 ......................................................................59 表 5-6 G 集团采购供应链平台系统功能大纲......................................................................62XV LIST OF FIGURES Figure 2-1 Purchasing Activity Field ......................................................................................... 8 Figure 2-2 Four purchasing strategies...................................................................................... 10 Figure 2-3 16 purchasing approaches....................................................................................... 12 Figure 2-4 64 purchasing methods ........................................................................................... 14 Figure 2-5Centralized purchasing organization structure ........................................................ 16 Figure 2-6 Decentralized purchasing organization structure ................................................... 17 Figure 2-7 Corporate purchasing organizational models ......................................................... 19 Figure 2-8 supply chain finance business models of surveyed companies in 2018 ................. 25 Figure 3-1 Organizational Structure of G Group ..................................................................... 32 Figure 4-1Plans for Procurement Supply Chain Platform Implementation ............................. 38 Figure 4-2 Operational structure of G Group’s Collection System ......................................... 40 Figure 4-3 supplier management framework in G Group........................................................ 41 Figure 4-4 the application of Purchasing Chessboard of construction equipment subsidiary company ................................................................................................................................... 43 Figure 5-1 the ecological circle of business financial service.................................................. 61XVI 图 目 录 图 2-1 采购活动领域 ..............................................................................................................8 图 2-2 4 个采购战略 ..............................................................................................................10 图 2-3 16 个采购杠杆 ............................................................................................................12 图 2-4 64 种采购方法 ............................................................................................................14 图 2-5 集中采购模式 ............................................................................................................16 图 2-6 分散采购模式 ..........................................................................................................17 图 2-7 公司采购组织模型 ....................................................................................................19 图 2-8 2018 被调研企业的供应链金融业务模式类型 ........................................................25 图 3-1 G 集团组织架构图......................................................................................................32 图 4-1 G 集团采购供应链平台实施阶段计划......................................................................38 图 4-2 G 集团集采系统平台运行架构...................................................................................40 图 4-3 G 集团供应商管理体系图...........................................................................................41 图 4-4 建筑设备子公司的采购博弈棋盘 ............................................................................43 图 5-1 商融通业务生态圈