由于 2008 年美国次贷危机导致的全球经济危机，代表国际干散货（指运输中不 需要包装、可直接装于船舱的块状、颗粒状、粉末状的干货，比如煤炭、小麦等 ） 运输市场走势晴雨表的国际波罗的海综合运费指数从 11793 点陡降到 290 点，且近 几年仍保持在较低水平。伴随国际航运市场进入行业周期底部，传统航运企业合同 数量急剧萎缩，可以说，我国中小航运企业发展进入半个世纪以来最严重的寒冷期。 经济危机之后，世界各国均试图采取积极有效措施促进经济增长，因此航运市场也 逐渐开始有一些机会出现。我国提出“一带一路”对外开放新战略，通过完善全球 海运物流网络，增加沿线各个国家之间的贸易往来密切度，从而产生大量的货物运 输需求，有效缓解目前航运市场供需不均衡的现状。新形势下，市场竞争随着企业 战略的调整不断升级，企业只有以长远眼光、核心竞争力和科学有效的发展战略才 能取得健康持续发展，并取得市场竞争的话语权。 笔者在收集整理有关皖北中小航运企业的发展状况后，利用 SWOT 分析方法对 其进行分析，并进一步提出发展策略建议。本文首先梳理了企业战略管理与 SWOT 分析方法的应用情景，以及对中小航运企业的界定。其次是从皖北水运航道状况、 皖北中小航运企业发展现状以及发展存在的一些问题等不同角度掌握皖北中小航运 企业经营现状。再次，利用 SWOT 分析方法从多角度阐述皖北中小航运企业发展面 临的优势、劣势、机遇和威胁，深刻理解皖北中小航运企业发展的前景与困境，提 出相关的策略选择。最后，从引进专业人才、合并重组、品牌战略、优化融资、参 与建设物流共享平台等多个方面提出相应的对策建议来提升中小航运企业发展的竞 争力。 关键词：中小航运企业；SWOT 分析；发展策略1 ABSTRACT Because the global economic crisis caused by the subprime mortgage crisis in 2008, the Baltic Dry Index dropped sharply from 11793 to 290, and it remains at a low level in recent years. With the international shipping market entering the bottom of the industry cycle, the number of contracts for traditional shipping companies has shrunk dramatically, and the development of small and medium sized shipping enterprises has entered the most severe cold period in half a century. After the economic crisis, countries all over the world are trying to take positive and effective measures to promote economic growth, so shipping markets are beginning to have some opportunities. China puts forward a new strategy of one belt and one road, by improving the global maritime logistics network and increasing the degree of trade between various countries along the line. Thus, a large number of freight transport needs are generated, and the current situation of imbalance between supply and demand in shipping market is effectively alleviated. Under the new situation, market competition is constantly upgrading along with the adjustment of enterprise strategy. Only with a long-term vision, core competitiveness and scientific and effective development strategy can enterprises achieve healthy and sustainable development, and obtain the right to speak in the market competition. After collecting and organizing the development of small and medium-sized shipping enterprises in Northern Anhui province, SWOT analysis method is used to analyze it, and further development strategy recommendations are put forward.Firstly, this paper combs the application scenarios of enterprise strategic management and SWOT analysis method, and defines the small and medium shipping enterprises. Secondly, it grasps the management status of the small and medium-sized shipping enterprises in northern Anhui province from different perspectives, such as the status of the waterway , the status of the development of the small and medium-sized shipping enterprises and some problems in their development. Thirdly, SWOT analysis method is used to expound the advantages, disadvantages, opportunities and threats faced by the development of small and medium-sized shipping enterprises in northern Anhui province. Finally, it puts forward the corresponding countermeasures and suggestions from various aspects to enhance the competitiveness of small and medium-sized shipping enterprises.2 KEYWORDS: Small and medium sized shipping enterprises; SWOT analysis; development strategy1 目 录 第一章 绪论...................................................................................................1 第一节 选题背景....................................................................................................1 第二节 研究目的和意义........................................................................................2 一、研究目的.......................................................................................................2 二、研究意义.......................................................................................................3 第三节 研究思路和方法........................................................................................3 一、研究思路.......................................................................................................3 二、研究方法.......................................................................................................4 第四节 研究内容....................................................................................................4 第二章 理论基础与文献综述.......................................................................6 第一节 企业战略管理理论....................................................................................6 一、企业战略研究现状.......................................................................................6 二、企业战略管理流程.......................................................................................7 三、企业战略管理分析工具...............................................................................7 第二节 SWOT 分析方法应用现状......................................................................10 一、微观企业.....................................................................................................10 二、行业产业.....................................................................................................11 第三节 中小航运企业界定..................................................................................12 第三章 皖北中小航运企业发展现状.........................................................13 第一节 皖北水运航道状况..................................................................................13 一、皖北航道与水运现状.................................................................................13 二、“十三五”时期皖北水运航道的规划与发展..............................................14 三、皖北主要河段流量及运输货品现状.........................................................14 第二节 皖北中小航运企业现状..........................................................................16 一、皖北在册船舶情况.....................................................................................16 二、皖北中小航运企业发展情况.....................................................................162 三、皖北中小航运企业运营现状..................................................................... 17 第三节 皖北中小航运企业发展存在的问题...................................................... 18 一、人力资源管理缺失..................................................................................... 18 二、船舶融资困难............................................................................................. 20 三、航运公司体系审核困难............................................................................. 20 四、企业数量多，平均竞争力不强................................................................. 20 五、船型不合理................................................................................................. 20 六、货主与船主缺少沟通平台......................................................................... 20 七、企业缺少与行业协会的沟通..................................................................... 20 第四章 皖北中小航运企业发展 SWOT 分析 ...........................................22 第一节 优势.......................................................................................................... 22 第二节 劣势.......................................................................................................... 23 第三节 机会.......................................................................................................... 23 第四节 威胁.......................................................................................................... 24 第五节 皖北中小航运企业基本策略选择.......................................................... 24 一、归核战略..................................................................................................... 28 二、合作战略................................................................................................... 285 三、服务战略..................................................................................................... 28 四、差异化战略................................................................................................. 28 第五章 促进皖北中小航运企业发展的对策建议.....................................27 第一节 引进并留住专业人才.............................................................................. 27 一、引进专业人才............................................................................................. 28 二、留住专业人才............................................................................................. 28 第二节 实施重组战略.......................................................................................... 28 第三节 优化融资方案.......................................................................................... 29 一、加大贷款税收优惠支持力度..................................................................... 29 二、为中小航运企业提供担保......................................................................... 30 第四节 优化现有船型.......................................................................................... 30 第五节 控制新建船舶数量.................................................................................. 32 第六节 实施品牌战略.......................................................................................... 333 第七节 积极开展与行业协会合作......................................................................34 第八节 建设大数据物流共享平台......................................................................35 第六章 结论与展望.....................................................................................36 第一节 结论..........................................................................................................36 第二节 展望..........................................................................................................36