随着科学技术与信息技术的飞速发展，经济全球化进程加快，企业环境也发生了巨 大的变化，市场的复杂性和不确定性因素在不断增加，用户需求层次在逐步升级，需求 结构呈现多样化，产品生命周期越来越短，竞争也日趋激烈。在供应链越来越受到重视 的大背景下，如何保证产品成本得到降低，客户需求得到及时响应，企业资金周转率得 到提高，以及如何对市场环境的变化做出快速反应，在市场中取得竞争优势，已成为企 业生存与发展所面临的主要问题。库存管理是供应链管理中不可或缺的一部分，通过对 库存管理的优化与研究，改变库存策略，有助于企业提升供应链管理绩效，在降低企业 运营成本的同时提高资金使用效率。 本文首先介绍库存管理的有关概念、目的及相关模型，为优化库存提供理论依据。 然后对 H 公司库存的现状进行分析，探求当前存在的主要问题并针对这些问题进行对策 研究。通过分析研究，发现 H 公司库存管理有如下方面的问题，(1)库存水平高，库存 周转率低，公司内部管理不科学，运作效率不高，库存管理方式简单，缺乏系统的库存 控制策略；(2)缺货情况多，市场分析运作不科学不准确，如预测准确度低，牛鞭效应严 重等；(3)呆滞产品多，供应链协作优势未充分发挥。其次针对 H 公司的管理库存方面 提出建议及对策，(1)采用 ABC-LMS 分类法对物料进行重新分类，提高库存管理的效率， 优化库存结构，通过调整订货频率，优化安全库存的设置等来降低库存水平；(2)通过需 求预测模型的构建，提高销售预测准确度，减少缺货的同时进一步降低库存水平；(3) 加强企业内部的协同式合作，加强呆滞库存的管理，同时也预防新的呆滞库存；最后， 通过实施效果验证了上述方案对 H 公司库存优化的有效性，对本文的研究工作进行总结， 并对未来进行展望。 关键词，库存优化；供应链协调；供应商管理库存II Abstract Nowadays, a rapid development of scientific technology and information technology has accelerated the process of economic globalization, and meanwhile the enterprise environment has undergone some tremendous changes. The market becomes more and more complex and uncertain, and both the hierarchy and diversity of customer demand are gradually upgrading. Therefore, the product life cycle is getting rather short, and the competition becomes increasingly fierce as well. Based on a background of growing attention on supply chain, to ensure that product costs are cut off, customer needs are responded in time, corporate capital turnover rate is improved, is more and more necessary; furthermore, how to give a rapid response to the changes in the marketing circumstance, and to achieve competitive advantages in the market, has become a majorly inevitable problem for the survival and development of enterprises. Generally, inventory management is indispensable in supply chain management. By means of the optimization and studies of inventory management, optimizing inventory strategies is very helpful for enterprises to improve the supply chain management performance and reinforce the capital utilization efficiency while reducing operation costs. In this thesis, basic theories including the definitions, objectives and methods of inventory optimization are firstly introduced, which provide a theoretical basis for optimizing inventory management. Subsequently, the writer analyzes the current situation of H company's inventory, and points out the existing main problems on which some countermeasure studies are conducted. After analyzing it is found that the inventory management in H company mainly has the following problems: 1) High inventory level, low inventory turnover, the internal management is operated in an outdated and low-efficient mode. Also, the inventory management is quite simple and runs without a systematic inventory control strategy; 2) Many material shortage, the market analysis is inaccurate, e.g. low forecast accuracy and severe bullwhip effect, etc; 3)Slow & non-mover stock level is high, the superiority of supply chain coordination is not fully taken. Secondly, to propose some suggestions and countermeasures for H company to manage the inventory: 1) The ABC-LMS classification method is employed to reclassify materials for inventory management, in order to improve the management efficiency and optimize the inventory structure, adjusting the order frequency and re-setting the safety stock to reduce stock level; 2) Through the construction of the demand forecasting model, improve the accuracy of sales forecast to reduce the material shortage and further reduce the inventory level; 3) Strengthen the collaborative cooperation within the enterprise, strengthen the management of Slow &III non-mover stock, and also prevent new slow & non-mover stock. Finally, the effectiveness is verified by executing the above scheme on inventory optimization of H company. Thereafter the studies of this thesis are summarized and the prospects for future research are proposed. Keywords: Inventory Optimize; Supply Chain coordination; VMIIV 目 录 摘要.........................................................................................................................................I Abstract ..................................................................................................................................... II 第一章 绪论..............................................................................................................................1 1.1 论文研究背景和意义 ..................................................................................................... 1 1.2 理论基础与文献综述 ..................................................................................................... 2 1.2.1 库存管理理论基础................................................................................................... 2 1.2.2 供应链及其相关理论基础....................................................................................... 3 1.2.3 库存控制................................................................................................................... 3 1.3 研究内容、方法和技术路线 ......................................................................................... 7 1.3.1 研究内容................................................................................................................... 7 1.3.2 研究方法................................................................................................................... 7 1.3.3 研究技术路线........................................................................................................... 8 第二章 H 公司库存管理现状及问题......................................................................................9 2.1 化工行业概述 ................................................................................................................. 9 2.2 企业背景 ......................................................................................................................... 9 2.2.1 公司的背景概述..................................................................................................... 10 2.2.2 公司的组织架构..................................................................................................... 10 2.3 库存管理现状及库存情况 ........................................................................................... 11 2.3.1 供应链配置情况..................................................................................................... 13 2.3.2 产品供应及计划情况............................................................................................. 13 2.3.3 库存情况................................................................................................................. 15 2.3.4 信息管理情况......................................................................................................... 16 2.4 H 公司库存管理存在的问题 ........................................................................................ 16 2.4.1 库存周转率较低..................................................................................................... 16 2.4.2 缺货情况比较多..................................................................................................... 18 2.4.3 库存呆滞库存比例高............................................................................................. 19 2.5 本章小结 ....................................................................................................................... 20 第三章 H 公司库存问题影响因素分析................................................................................21V 3.1 需求预测不准确 ........................................................................................................... 23 3.2 原材料库存分类不科学 ............................................................................................... 23 3.3 原料订购策略不完善 ................................................................................................... 24 3.4 安全库存设置不合理 ................................................................................................... 25 3.5 呆滞库存的预防及处理流程不完善 ........................................................................... 25 3.6 本章小结 ....................................................................................................................... 26 第四章 H 公司库存控制优化方案........................................................................................27 4.1 提高需求预测准确度 ................................................................................................... 27 4.1.1 需求预测模型选定................................................................................................. 27 4.1.2 需求预测的对象选取............................................................................................. 28 4.1.3 需求预测方法及计算............................................................................................. 29 4.1.4 预测模型选择......................................................................................................... 32 4.1.5 S&OP 流程 .............................................................................................................. 33 4.2 库存计划策略的改进 ................................................................................................... 34 4.2.1 ABC-LMS 矩阵分类管理 ....................................................................................... 34 4.2.2 库存管理策略选择................................................................................................. 38 4.3 呆滞库存的预防和处理 ............................................................................................... 49 4.3.1 优化设计变更流程................................................................................................. 49 4.3.2 加强产品生产过程控制和质量把关..................................................................... 49 4.3.3 对呆滞存货制定处理计划..................................................................................... 50 4.4 本章小结 ....................................................................................................................... 50 第五章 库存保障措施与优化效果........................................................................................51 5.1 建立库存优化保障措施 ............................................................................................... 51 5.1.1 构建起执行监督小组............................................................................................. 51 5.1.2 制定年度周期盘点计划......................................................................................... 51 5.1.3 提高系统、流程和员工的能力............................................................................. 52 5.2 优化措施的实施及效果 ............................................................................................... 52 5.2.1 需求预测准确率提高............................................................................................. 52 5.2.2 库存周转率提高，缺货情况减少......................................................................... 53 5.3 本章小结 ....................................................................................................................... 55VI 结 论......................................................................................................................................56