生物柴油具有可再生、对环境污染较小的特点，目前主要作为绿色能源使用。鉴于 目前世界各国对石油需求量大幅度增加，石油勘探开发向着深水、复杂地层方向进行， 在这些复杂地层中使用油基钻井液具有巨大优势。但传统的油基钻井液存在着对环境污 染的问题，相较于传统的油基钻井液，生物柴油钻井液不仅具有油基钻井液的优点，还 几乎不存在对环境污染的问题。所以，研究生物柴油钻井液有着重要的意义。 将生物柴油作为油基钻井液的基液是一个全新的研究方向，目前国内外对这方面的 研究很少。生物柴油作为油基钻井液的基液存在着低温流动性差、没有与生物柴油相匹 配的关键处理剂等技术难题，因此有必要研究改善生物柴油低温流动性差的方法、合成 与生物柴油相匹配的关键处理剂，使之能够满足现场应用的基本需求。 生物柴油作为油基钻井液的基液在 0℃左右时流动性已经很差，本文在大量实验的 基础上发现， DOR 具有很好地解决生物柴油低温流动性差的问题。通过离子交换方法 合成了 JHA6 有机土，该有机土在生物柴油中具有良好的増黏、提切和降滤失效果，并 通过 XRD 和 FTIR 等技术分析了 JHA6 有机土的作用机理。通过 AJS 与腐殖酸的反应， 合成了一种生物柴油基钻井液用降滤失剂，该降滤失剂可以在几乎不改变钻井液的流变 性的情况下很好的降低生物柴油钻井液的滤失量。作为油基钻井液，通过在油基钻井液 中加入一定量的水可以很好的增加黏度以及控制成本，而要想形成比较稳定的乳状液， 合适的乳化剂是技术的关键，本文通过 HLB 值计算和乳化实验等方法优选出了适合于 生物柴油基钻井液的乳化剂。最终将上述研究的有机土、降滤失剂和乳化剂等加入到生 物柴油中，形成了环保型的生物柴油基钻井液。实验结果表明，该钻井液体系滤失量较 低、流变性合理，乳化稳定性较强，达到了现场应用的基本要求，证明了生物柴油具有 应用于钻井液领域的可行性。 关键词：生物柴油，有机土，降滤失剂，乳化剂ii The Feasibility Research on Using Biodiesel in Drilling Fluid Sun Zhongfu（Oil&Gas Well Engineering） Directed By Associate Professor Xu Jiafang Abstract Biodiesel has the features of renewable and less environmental pollution, at present it main use as energy. In consideration of the current world demand for oil increased significantly, the oil exploration towards to deepwater and complex formations, in these complex formations using oil-based drilling fluid has huge advantages. But the traditional oil-based drilling fluid does pollute to the environment, compared to traditional oil-based drilling fluid, the biodiesel oil-based drilling fluid not only has the advantages of traditional oil-based drilling fluid, but also has the advantage of less pollution. So researching the biodiesel drilling fluid has significant meaning. Using biodiesel as basic solution of the oil-based drilling fluid which is a new direction, so far there is little research to this respect. Biodiesel acts as the oil-based drilling fluid has the problem of poor mobility at low temperature and there are not comfortable treatment agents for the biodiesel. So it is necessary to study the method to improve the mobility of biodiesel at low temperature and synthesis some comfortable treatment agents for the biodiesel. Biodiesel acts as the oil-based drilling fluid has poor mobility around 0℃. DOR has the ability to adjust the mobility of biodiesel at low temperature. By ion exchange method we synthesis JHA6 organophilic clay, when the organophilic clay solutes in the biodiesel it can act as a good role of adding viscosity, improving the shear and decreasing the filter loss. Using the technology of XRD and FTIR to analysis the mechanism of organophilic clay. Through a chemical reaction method we use AJS reacted with humic acid molecules to synthesized a filtration controller that suited to the biodiesel, the filtration controller can decrease the volume of drilling fluid loss and do little to the drilling fluid mobility. As a sort of oil-based drilling fluid we can add a certain amount of water in the oil-based drilling fluid to increase the viscosity of the drilling fluid, and through this act we can control the cost, to form a relatively stable emulsion adding a suitable emulsifier is critical. In thisiii paper we use HLB value to act as a target and through emulsifier experiment we choose a emulsifier that suited to the biodiesel. Eventully throngh adding organophilic clay, filtration controller and emulsifier to the biodiesel drilling fluid, formed the environmentally friendly biodiesel drilling fluid. The experimental results show that the drilling fluid has the characters of low drilling fluid filtration, reasonable rheology and strong emulsion stability, reached a basic requirement for field applications, demonstrates the biodiesel can used in the field of drilling fluid. Key words: Biodiesel, Organophilic clay, Filtration controller, Emulsifieriv 目 录 第一章 绪论....................................................................................................................................1 1.1 生物柴油研究的相关背景....................................................................................................1 1.2 生物柴油研究现状................................................................................................................2 1.3 生物柴油钻井液研究的目的和意义....................................................................................3 1.3.1 生物柴油优点介绍 ........................................................................................................3 1.3.2 生物柴油作为油基钻井液基液亟待解决的问题 ........................................................4 1.3.3 原理和方法....................................................................................................................4 1.3.4 发展生物柴油基钻井液的意义 ....................................................................................5 第二章 生物柴油低温流动性的调节............................................................................................6 2.1 低温情况下生物柴油钻井液面临的主要问题....................................................................6 2.2 生物柴油低温流动性调节方法............................................................................................6 2.3 生物柴油低温流型调节剂优化研究....................................................................................6 2.3.1 主要实验仪器及试剂 ....................................................................................................6 2.3.2 基本思路........................................................................................................................7 2.3.3 实验方法........................................................................................................................7 2.4 小结......................................................................................................................................14 第三章 生物柴油钻井液用有机土研究......................................................................................15 3.1 蒙脱土的结构......................................................................................................................15 3.2 有机土的制备原理..............................................................................................................15 3.3 国内外有机土研究进展......................................................................................................15 3.3.1 有机土制备原理和方法 ..............................................................................................16 3.3.2 有机土的制备工艺 ......................................................................................................16 3.4 制备有机土实验..................................................................................................................18 3.5 实验结果及分析..................................................................................................................19 3.6 结构表征..............................................................................................................................25 3.7 小结......................................................................................................................................27 第四章 生物柴油钻井液用降滤失剂研究..................................................................................28 4.1 油基钻井液降滤失剂发展背景..........................................................................................28 4.2 降滤失剂发展历史..............................................................................................................28 4.3 生物柴油基钻井液降滤失剂合成实验..............................................................................29 4.3.1 常见油基降滤失剂实验效果评价 ..............................................................................29 4.3.2 实验主要仪器及试剂 ..................................................................................................30 4.3.3 实验原理......................................................................................................................30 4.3.4 实验方法......................................................................................................................31v 4.4 实验数据及分析..................................................................................................................31 4.5 结构表征..............................................................................................................................33 4.6 小结......................................................................................................................................34 第五章 生物柴油钻井液用乳化剂优选......................................................................................35 5.1 乳状液基本概述..................................................................................................................35 5.2 乳化剂的作用机理..............................................................................................................35 5.3 优选油包水乳化剂的原则..................................................................................................36 5.4 HLB 值评价方法.................................................................................................................37 5.5 乳状液稳定性的评价方法..................................................................................................38 5.6 乳化剂优选的室内研究实验..............................................................................................39 5.7 生物柴油基钻井液体系实验..............................................................................................47 5.7.1 常温下生物柴油基钻井液体系实验 ..........................................................................47 5.7.2 低温下生物柴油基钻井液体系实验 ..........................................................................47 5.8 小结......................................................................................................................................48 结 论..............................................................................................................................................49