我国目前的环境污染问题和石油能源紧张问题使得新能源汽车得到政府的大 力推广，关于新能源汽车环境污染、成本等问题已有广泛研究，但随着时代的发 展从单一角度对产品生命周期进行评价已不再符合现在的需求。因此，本文基于 先前学者的研究成果，提出了将生命周期环境评价与生命周期成本理论相结合的 方法，该方法可同时衡量产品的环境和经济影响，为企业的长久发展具有切实可 行的重要意义。 本文将通过标准治理成本将生命周期环境影响转化为环境成本。文章使用生 命周期成本理论和生命周期评价方法，系统而详细地分析纯电动汽车、插电式混 合动力汽车和传统燃油汽车在全生命周期阶段所耗费的所有经济成本和环境成本， 并建立了详细而全面的汽车生命周期成本评估模型。而后针对某一品牌同一车型 的三款不同类型汽车进行了实证研究，同时，针对目前共享经济的风靡，探讨了 在共享经济情形下各类型汽车相比较共享汽车的成本差异，并选取关键因素进行 了敏感性分析。最终文章认为，新能源汽车相比较传统燃油汽车具有经济优势， 但目前政府对新能源汽车的促进政策在不同城市之间存在着显著差异，且共享汽 车由于部分运营维护成本平摊到了每个用户，使得共享汽车相比较三类家用汽车 拥有绝对的经济优势，文章也根据研究得到的结论提出了相关政策建议。 关键词，生命周期成本；新能源汽车；环境成本；生命周期评价III ABSTRACT Environmental pollution problems and the shortage of oil energy make new energy vehicles be vigorously promoted by the government in China. There have been extensive studies on environmental pollution and cost of new energy vehicles, but with the development of The Times, it is no longer in line with the current demand to evaluate the product life cycle from a single perspective. Therefore, based on the previous research results of scholars, this paper proposes a method combining life cycle environmental assessment with life cycle cost theory, which can measure the environmental and economic impact of products at the same time, and has practical significance for the long-term development of enterprises. In this paper, life cycle environmental impacts are converted into environmental costs through standard prevention costs. Using life cycle cost（LCC） theory and life cycle assessment method (LCA), this paper systematically and detailly analyzes all economic and environmental costs of pure electric vehicles, plug-in hybrid electric vehicles and traditional fuel vehicles in the whole life cycle stage, and establishes a detailed and comprehensive life cycle cost evaluation model of vehicles. At the same time, in view of the current popularity of the sharing economy, this paper discusses the cost differences of various types of cars compared with the sharing economy, and selects key factors for the sensitivity analysis. Finally the article thinks, new energy vehicles has economic advantages compared with traditional fuel cars, but the current government policy for the promotion of new energy vehicles there are significant differences between different cities, and sharing the car as part of the operation and maintenance cost split to each user, makes sharing compared three kinds of household car has absolute economic advantage, the article also according to the research conclusions put forward some policy Suggestions. KEYWORDS: Life Cycle Cost；New energy vehicle；Environmental costs；Life Cycle AssessmentIV 目 录 1 绪论 ...................................................................................................................... 1 1.1 研究的背景和意义 .................................................................................... 1 1.1.1 研究背景 ........................................................................................ 1 1.1.2 研究意义 ........................................................................................ 3 1.2 文献综述 .................................................................................................... 4 1.3 本文研究目的 ............................................................................................ 6 1.4 本文研究内容 ............................................................................................ 6 1.5 本文创新点 ................................................................................................ 7 2 基本理论和方法概述 .......................................................................................... 8 2.1 产品生命周期成本评估理论 ................................................................... 8 2.1.1 生命周期成本评估的概念 ............................................................ 8 2.1.2 生命周期成本评估的内容 ............................................................ 9 2.2 共享经济理论 ........................................................................................... 9 2.3 生命周期环境评价 ................................................................................. 10 2.4 LCA 与 LCC 的融合 ............................................................................... 12 2.5 本章小结 ................................................................................................. 13 3 汽车生命周期成本评价模型 ............................................................................ 14 3.1 本文研究范围 ......................................................................................... 14 3.1.1 样本选择与关键假设 .................................................................. 14 3.1.2 功能单位与系统边界 .................................................................. 14 3.1.3 研究的数据来源 .......................................................................... 15 3.2 汽车生命周期成本框架 ......................................................................... 14 3.3 本章小结 .................................................................................................. 17 4 汽车生命周期成本评价模型建立 .................................................................... 18 4.1 汽车生命周期私有成本评价模型 .......................................................... 18 4.1.1 汽车生命周期有形成本模型 ...................................................... 18 4.1.2 汽车生命周期无形成本模型 ...................................................... 21 4.2 汽车生命周期环境成本评价模型 .......................................................... 26 4.3 本章小结 .................................................................................................. 28 5 汽车生命周期成本评估结果 ............................................................................ 29 5.1 汽车生命周期成本分析 ......................................................................... 29 5.1.1 汽车生命周期私有成本 ............................................................... 29V 5.1.2 汽车生命周期环境成本 ............................................................... 33 5.2 共享经济下的汽车生命周期成本分析 ................................................. 34 5.3 敏感性分析 ............................................................................................. 35 5.3.1 汽车生命周期里程 ...................................................................... 35 5.3.2 政府补贴 ...................................................................................... 38 5.3.3 电池技术发展 .............................................................................. 38 5.4 本章小结 ................................................................................................. 41 6 总结与展望 ........................................................................................................ 42 6.1 本文总结 .................................................................................................. 42 6.2 政策建议 .................................................................................................. 43 6.3 展望 .......................................................................................................... 44