- I - 摘要 伴随着世界各国对环境保护的日益重视，部分国家设置了“绿色贸易壁垒”，我 国企业生产的很多产品因为没有绿色标识而被禁止出口，钢铁企业也因此受到很大的 影响，面临着原材料价格高、污染严重等问题。中共中央政治局会议上“绿色化”的 提出，表明国家对“绿色化”的关注，而消费者、国际贸易也对企业生存提出了绿色 化发展的要求，使企业意识到绿色竞争力的提升是自身生存和持续发展的重要能力。 钢铁企业在给国家带来经济效益的同时，也对环境产生了一定的污染。虽然近年 来钢铁企业在化解产能、节能减排等方面不断改进，并且取得了一定的效果，但在技 术研发、减排治污、资源利用等方面仍然存在一些问题。在环境日益受到重视的今 天，“绿色”成为引领钢铁企业间竞争的新方向，对我国钢铁企业绿色竞争力进行评 价研究，明确现阶段钢铁企业绿色竞争力水平，不仅可以满足钢铁企业绿色化的要 求，还可以进一步提高钢铁企业的绿色竞争力，对提升钢铁企业的发展潜力具有重要 的意义。 创新之处是对评价指标的逐步构建以及对评价指标的综合赋权。在分析国内外研 究成果的基础上，结合我国钢铁企业发展现状，通过文献荟萃、企业调研等方式逐步 确定评价所需的指标体系，为更加全面、科学的对钢铁企业绿色竞争力进行评价做好 了铺垫。为了克服主客观单独赋权方法的弊端，利用数学函数最优化理论确定每种赋 权方法对评价结果的影响程度，进而确定指标的综合权重，并将综合权重与综合评价 方法相结合，构建综合评价模型。使用构建的评价模型对 6 家钢铁上市公司进行评 价，得到它们的绿色竞争力排名，并对其结果进行分析，明确它们的绿色竞争力情况 仍然是有待完善的。根据评价结果，从企业完善、政府促进、社会公众监督三个大的 方向出发，进行对策建议的具体化，积极探索提高钢铁企业绿色竞争力的对策建议。 图 7 幅；表 17 个；参 47 篇。 关键词：钢铁企业；绿色发展；可持续发展；绿色竞争力 分类号：F27华北理工大学硕士学位论文 - II - Abstract Environmental protection is valued around the world, some countries have set up green trade barriers. Many products produced by Chinese enterprises are prohibited from exporting because they don’t have green logos. Steel enterprises are greatly affected. Put up the greening at the Political Bureau meeting of the CPC Central Committee, shows that heed greening. Consumers and trade put forward the requirement of green development for enterprises, which makes enterprises realize the importance of green competitiveness. Steel enterprises have brought economic benefits to the country, but also polluted the environment. Some achievements have been made, but there are still some problems. Now the environment has been paid more and more attention. It is of great significance to evaluate and study the green competitiveness of Chinese steel enterprises in order to enhance the development potential of steel enterprises. The innovation lies in the gradual construction of evaluation index and the determination of comprehensive weight of evaluation index. Based on the analysis of the research results at home and abroad, combined with the current situation of China's steel enterprises, the paper gradually determines the evaluation index system, aiming at a more comprehensive and scientific evaluation of the green competitiveness of steel enterprises. In order to overcome the drawbacks of single weighting method, we use mathematical functions to determine the impact of each method on the evaluation results, determine the comprehensive weight of indicators, and combine the comprehensive weight with the comprehensive evaluation method to build a comprehensive evaluation model. In this paper, we use the evaluation model to evaluate six steel listed companies, get their green competitiveness rankings, and analyze the results. According to the evaluation results, the paper actively explores the countermeasures and suggestions to improve the green competitiveness of steel enterprises from three major directions: enterprise improvement, government promotion and public supervision. Figure7; Table17; Reference 47 Keywords: Iron and steel enterprises, green development, sustainable development Green Competitiveness Chinese books catalog: F27目 次 - III - 目 次 引 言.............................................................................................................................1 第 1 章 绪论.......................................................................................................................2 1.1 研究背景及意义...................................................................................................2 1.1.1 研究背景.....................................................................................................2 1.1.2 研究意义.....................................................................................................3 1.2 国内外相关研究...................................................................................................4 1.2.1 企业竞争力国内外相关研究.....................................................................4 1.2.2 企业绿色竞争力国内外相关研究.............................................................6 1.2.3 钢铁企业竞争力相关研究.......................................................................10 1.2.4 文献研究评述...........................................................................................11 1.3 研究内容及研究方法.........................................................................................11 1.3.1 研究内容...................................................................................................11 1.3.2 研究方法...................................................................................................12 1.4 创新点.................................................................................................................14 1.5 本章小结.............................................................................................................14 第 2 章 相关概念辨析与理论基础.................................................................................15 2.1 相关概念辨析.....................................................................................................15 2.1.1 企业竞争力概念.......................................................................................15 2.1.2 企业绿色竞争力概念...............................................................................15 2.1.3 两者之间的区别和联系...........................................................................16 2.2 相关理论研究.....................................................................................................16 2.2.1 可持续发展理论.......................................................................................16 2.2.2 最优化理论...............................................................................................17 2.2.3 绿色管理理论...........................................................................................18 2.2.4 企业社会责任理论...................................................................................19 2.3 本章小结.............................................................................................................19 第 3 章 钢铁企业绿色竞争力分析.................................................................................20华北理工大学硕士学位论文 - IV - 3.1 我国钢铁企业的发展现状.................................................................................20 3.1.1 钢铁企业生产情况...................................................................................20 3.1.2 钢铁企业销售情况...................................................................................21 3.2 钢铁企业面临的问题及发展趋势.....................................................................23 3.2.1 面临的问题...............................................................................................23 3.2.2 未来发展趋势...........................................................................................24 3.3 钢铁企业绿色竞争力的现状.............................................................................25 3.3.1 技术研发能力...........................................................................................25 3.3.2 减排治污能力...........................................................................................25 3.3.3 资源利用能力...........................................................................................26 3.3.4 成长能力...................................................................................................27 3.4 钢铁企业绿色竞争力提升的必要性.................................................................27 3.4.1 政府导向...................................................................................................28 3.4.2 企业需要可持续发展...............................................................................28 3.4.3 消费者购买需求的改变...........................................................................28 3.4.4 突破“绿色贸易壁垒”...........................................................................28 3.5 本章小结.............................................................................................................29 第 4 章 构建评价指标体系与评价模型.........................................................................30 4.1 构建评价指标体系.............................................................................................30 4.1.1 选取评价指标的原则...............................................................................30 4.1.2 构建初步的评价指标体系.......................................................................31 4.1.3 最终评价指标体系的构建.......................................................................35 4.1.4 评价指标的具体解释...............................................................................36 4.2 指标的综合赋权.................................................................................................38 4.2.1 熵值法.......................................................................................................38 4.2.2 层次分析法...............................................................................................39 4.2.3 序关系法...................................................................................................41 4.3 构建综合评价模型.............................................................................................42目 次 - V - 4.3.1 综合赋权方法...........................................................................................42 4.3.2 综合评价模型...........................................................................................43 4.4 本章小结.............................................................................................................44 第 5 章 钢铁企业绿色竞争力实证研究.........................................................................45 5.1 评价样本及数据来源.........................................................................................45 5.1.1 选择评价样本...........................................................................................45 5.1.2 样本数据来源及简单处理.......................................................................46 5.2 确定评价指标的权重.........................................................................................48 5.2.1 熵值法.......................................................................................................48 5.2.2 层次分析法...............................................................................................49 5.2.3 序关系法...................................................................................................49 5.3 综合评价钢铁企业绿色竞争力.........................................................................51 5.3.1 指标的综合赋权.......................................................................................51 5.3.2 综合评价...................................................................................................53 5.4 本章小结.............................................................................................................56 第 6 章 提高钢铁企业绿色竞争力的对策建议.............................................................57 6.1 企业完善.............................................................................................................57 6.2 政府促进.............................................................................................................59 6.3 社会公众监督.....................................................................................................60 6.4 本章小结.............................................................................................................61 结 论...............................................................................................................................62