近年来，随着优质煤种的剩余量越来越少，我国逐渐将目光放到了褐煤上，褐煤作 为较年轻的煤种，含水量高、发热量低等缺点阻碍了其大范围的应用。故而通过干燥工 艺降低水分、提高热值为褐煤的利用提供了更广阔的平台，但是干燥后的褐煤会失去其 力学强度，从而易破碎、粉化。且褐煤自身便具有易自燃、易爆炸、易着火、结渣性强 等特点，故而对干燥工艺与干燥后褐煤的种种特性进行研究是非常必要的。本文的内容 主要包括，（1）分别对国内三种干燥工艺进行实验，并进一步对各个干燥工艺的热效率、 安全性和环保性等方面进行分析对比；（2）通过实验室的煤自燃实验台和煤粉爆炸实验 台的相关实验，对褐煤及其干燥煤的自燃、爆炸特性进行实验研究，为电厂利用干燥褐 煤的安全性提供理论依据；（3）通过实验室的着火炉、一维炉的实验，对褐煤及其干燥 煤的着火、燃烧与结渣特性进行研究分析，并与现有动力煤进行对比，从而为电站锅炉 燃用干燥褐煤的可行性提供理论依据；（4）对褐煤干燥过程中的粉化率进行实验，研究 导致褐煤粉化的关键因素。从而得到以下结论，（1）褐煤干燥后与原煤的主要煤质差别 在于水分降低、发热量升高，其他成分变化不大；（2）褐煤与其干燥煤属于易燃煤种， 其燃尽性能明显优于国内典型烟煤；（3）褐煤与其干燥煤均属于易结渣的煤种，随着煤 粉细度变细，燃烧器区域结渣将变得更为严重，随着运行氧量的升高，结渣有轻微缓解 的趋势；（4）褐煤与其干燥煤属于易自燃与易爆炸的煤种，随着干燥程度的加深，煤的 自燃倾向与爆炸倾向均加强；（5）燃用干燥后褐煤比燃用原煤能有效提高炉膛温度。（6） 随着干燥强度的增加、干燥终温的升高、粒径的减小，褐煤的粉化率加强，其中粒径大 小对粉化率的影响最大。 关键词，褐煤，干燥，燃烧特性，粉化率华北电力大学硕士学位报告 II Abstract In recent years, with fewer and fewer remaining amount of high-quality coal, the country will gradually look into the lignite, lignite as the younger coal, with high water content and low calorific shortcomings impeded its widely use. Therefore, drying process which can reduce the moisture and improve the heat provide a broader platform, but after drying, lignite loses its mechanical strength, and thus easy to broken and powdering. And lignite itself is easy to spontaneous combustion, easy to explode, easy to fire, slag strong and so on. So research drying process and various characteristics of dried lignite is very necessary. the content of this paper are: (1) Respectively, test the three kinds of domestic drying process, analysis and compare the thermal efficiency, safety and environmental-protecting characteristic and other aspects of drying process. (2) By the coal-spontaneous combustion system and the pulverized coal-explosion system, the experimental study on the spontaneous combustion and explosion characteristics of lignite and its drying coal was carried out. (3) The ignition, combustion and slagging characteristics of lignite and its dry coal were studied through the experiments of the furnace and the one-dimensional furnace. By comparing with the existing thermal coal, provide a theoretical basis for power plant boilers burning with dry lignite. (4) Study on the key factors of lignite pulverization by testing the pulverization rate of lignite drying. Resulting in the following conclusions: (1) After drying, the main difference of lignite and its dried lignite coal quality is that the moisture reduces, heat rises, other components did not change much. (2) lignite and its dried lignite is flammable coal, which burn better performance than typical domestic bituminous coal. (3) lignite and its dried lignite is easy to be slagging, with coal fineness thinner, slagging of the burner region will become more serious, with the increase of oxygen to run, slagging trend is slight remission. (4) lignite and its dried coal is easy to spontaneous combustion and explosion; with the deepening of the degree of drying, reducing of size, its tendency of spontaneous combustion and explosion increase. (5) After drying, dried lignite burning can effectively improve the furnace temperature than burning its lignite correspondingly. (6) With the increase of drying intensity, the increase of final drying temperature, the decrease of coal size, the powdering rate of lignite increase, the coal size had the greatest influence on the powdering rate Keywords: lignite, drying, combustion characteristics, powdering rate华北电力大学硕士学位报告 III 目 录 摘要 .................................................................................................................................................I Abstract................................................................................................................................................... II 第 1 章 绪论...........................................................................................................................................1 1.1 课题研究背景和意义..................................................................................................................1 1.2 国内外研究动态.......................................................................................................................... 2 1.2.1 直接燃烧利用....................................................................................................................... 2 1.2.2 干燥脱水提质技术...............................................................................................................2 1.2.3 热解提质技术....................................................................................................................... 3 1.3 本文研究内容.............................................................................................................................. 4 第 2 章 不同工艺褐煤干燥实验研究...................................................................................................5 2.1 振动混流床烟气干燥工艺的研究.............................................................................................. 5 2.1.1 干燥前后粉化率及其粒径变化........................................................................................... 6 2.1.2 干燥装置能耗分析...............................................................................................................7 2.1.3 干燥装置安全性分析...........................................................................................................8 2.1.4 干燥装置环保性分析...........................................................................................................8 2.1.5 干燥后褐煤的堆积和复吸实验........................................................................................... 9 2.2 蒸汽管式干燥工艺的研究........................................................................................................12 2.2.1 干燥前后粉化率及粒径变化.............................................................................................13 2.2.2 干燥装置能耗分析.............................................................................................................14 2.2.3 干燥装置乏汽水回收.........................................................................................................14 2.2.4 干燥装置安全环保性分析.................................................................................................15 2.3 蒸汽管回转式干燥工艺的研究................................................................................................15 2.3.1 干燥前后粉化率及粒径变化.............................................................................................16 2.3.2 干燥装置能耗分析.............................................................................................................17 2.3.3 干燥装置乏气水回收.........................................................................................................18 2.3.4 干燥装置安全环保性分析.................................................................................................19 2.4 本章小结....................................................................................................................................19 第 3 章 褐煤与其干燥煤的自燃、爆炸特性的实验研究.................................................................21 3.1 自燃特性的实验........................................................................................................................21华北电力大学硕士学位报告 IV 3.1.1 自燃特性.............................................................................................................................21 3.1.2 煤自燃实验台介绍.............................................................................................................21 3.1.3 实验结果与分析.................................................................................................................22 3.2 爆炸特性的实验........................................................................................................................26 3.2.1 爆炸特性.............................................................................................................................26 3.2.2 煤粉爆炸实验台介绍.........................................................................................................26 3.2.3 实验结果与分析.................................................................................................................27 3.3 本章小结....................................................................................................................................30 第 4 章 褐煤与其干燥煤的着火、燃烧、结渣特性的实验研究.....................................................32 4.1 着火特性....................................................................................................................................32 4.1.1 实验目的与方法.................................................................................................................32 4.1.2 实验结果与分析.................................................................................................................32 4.2 燃烧、结渣特性........................................................................................................................33 4.2.1 实验目的与方法.................................................................................................................33 4.2.2 实验结果与分析.................................................................................................................34 4.3 本章小结....................................................................................................................................37 第 5 章 褐煤干燥过程中其粉化率的实验研究.................................................................................39 5.1 实验目的....................................................................................................................................39 5.2 实验装置及方法........................................................................................................................39 5.3 实验结果与分析.........................................................................................................................39 5.3.1 干燥终温对粉化率的影响.................................................................................................40 5.3.2 粒径对原煤粉化的影响.....................................................................................................42 5.3.3 干燥强度对原煤粉化的影响.............................................................................................44 5.4 本章小结....................................................................................................................................45 第 6 章 结论与展望.............................................................................................................................46 6.1 结论 ...........................................................................................................................................46 6.2 展望 ...........................................................................................................................................48