冷热电三联供作为能源梯级利用减少碳排放的一个可行途径,其概念的能 耗与投资收益多受争议而近年我国北方地区已经出现应用冷热电三联供系统 的实际项目本课题针对冷热电三联供可行性研究技术指标确定的一般方法进 行研究 本文针对我国冷热电三联供项目可行性研究报告评价指标问题进行分析 提出我国冷热电三联供项目可行性研究报告中应具备的关键性指标,分析各项 指标的影响因素,给出各项指标的确定方法内容包括建筑负荷分析!系统能 耗分析!经济性评价与实例分析等立足理论为应用三联供项目的可研工作提 供参考 本文对联供系统进行建模,分析不同运行策略下系统各种负荷的匹配关系 之后针对以热定电策略建立了现有区域供热项目夏季供冷的面积约束条件本 文通过对负荷模拟数据进行分析提出负荷估算方法:采用负荷的敏感影响因素 对负荷指标进行估记本研究对建筑负荷进行全年逐时模拟分析,应用正交实 验法对实验结果进行了分析,筛选出建筑体形系数作为建筑负荷指标的指示参 数并对体形系数在不同水平下负荷参数大致范围进行了计算 本文对冷热电三联供项目不同方案能耗比较的计算方法进行说明建立工 质输送的流动温升公式与静止温升公式;在精度要求不高的情况对计算公式进 行了简化从用户分别应用分布式冷源与区域冷源的两种方案的经济性分析; 从投资回收角度确定拟采用联供的电厂售冷冷价核定标准与原则对不确定性 因素对项目经济可行性的影响的评价方法进行说明提出售冷量作为项目经济 性的重要因素,可作为系统经济性盈亏分析的重要评价指标 本文以华北地区某项目为例对其采用冷热电三联供项目的可行性进行分析 设定冷用户联产与分产两个方案进行比较联产方案在满足供冷面积约束条件 下与分产方案技术经济比较,得到冷热电三联供系统方案可行的结论 经本文研究,在供冷面积满足实际供冷能力的条件下,不论从能耗上还是 经济性上,冷热电三联供技术在华北地区都拥有很明显的优势冷热电三联供 技术能同时给用户和热电厂带来良好的经济和社会效益 关键词 热电冷三联供;可行性研究报告;负荷估算;冷价格;冷损失 哈尔滨工业大学工学硕士学位报告 - II - Abstract As a feasible way to save energy and reduce carbon emission, combined cooling heating and power (CCHP) gains a lot controversial debate after the presentation of its concept. Therefore, in recent years there are already some applications the actual project in Northern China. The general method is needed to guide how to practical engineering feasibility study for cooling heating and power needs. The paper focuses on the evaluation analysis of the CCHP feasibility study report of China. The key indicators were set based on the CCHP system characteristics. The factors of the indicators, whose method for determining was given, were analyzed. The work include preparation of feasibility report, building load analysis, energy consumption analysis, economic analysis, evaluation of examples, also try to provide reference for the application for the project feasibility study. In this paper, the energy consumption modeling of CCHP system had been established and analyzed under different strategies. The constraints of the summer cooling area is find out, when CCHP system operated following the thermal load. Year-round for hourly building load simulation has been made and analyzed by the orthogonal test method. The architectural building shape coefficient is selected as indicates the load index parameters. The approximate ranges of load parameters under different levels shape coefficient were calculated. In this paper, there is the way of power consumption comparison of different project program calculation are described. The cold loss formulas for the dynamic and static working fluid were established; the formula has been simplified in the case of less demanding accuracy. There are two schemes for the economic analysis: user electric-made and regional outsourcing. The standards and principles of approving cold price were present in order to get appropriate return on investment. The evaluation method of of the project economic feasibility uncertainties was explained. The sale of cold proposed as an important factor in project economics, can be used as an important economic index of profit and loss for system. 哈尔滨工业大学工学硕士学位报告 - III - In this paper, there is a simple example of a CCHP project feasibility study in North China analysis. There are two options to compare: user self-built cold source set and district cooling. The CCHP option, fitting the cooling area technical constraints, is feasible for both economic analysis and energy comparison. By the evaluation of examples, as long as the cooling area to meet the constraints, the application of the CCHP system in North China has obvious advantages, whether from the energy consumption or on the economy. The CCHP technology can bring economic and social benefits for users and power plant. Keywords Combined cooling Heat and Power (CCHP), Feasibility study report, Load Characteristics,cold price, cold loss 哈尔滨工业大学工学硕士学位报告 - IV - 目录 摘要 ......................................................................................................................... I Abstract .................................................................................................................. II 第 1 章 绪论 ........................................................................................................... 1 1.1 课题来源和意义 .......................................................................................... 1 1.1.1 课题来源 ............................................................................................... 1 1.1.2 课题的意义 ........................................................................................... 1 1.2 国内外同类课题的研究现状 ...................................................................... 3 1.3 本文的主要研究工作 .................................................................................. 6 第 2 章 冷热电三联供项目的评价指标 ............................................................... 8 2.1 冷热电三联供项目评价目标 ...................................................................... 8 2.1.1 冷热电三联供能耗比较分析 ............................................................... 8 2.1.2 三联供项目经济性评价 ....................................................................... 9 2.2 冷热电三联供系统负荷匹配 ...................................................................... 9 2.2.1 冷热电三联供系统基本运行策略 ....................................................... 9 2.2.2 冷负荷匹配条件分析 ......................................................................... 12 2.3 本章小结 .................................................................................................... 14 第 3 章 建筑负荷计算方法 ................................................................................. 15 3.1 建筑基本条件设定 .................................................................................... 15 3.2 建筑负荷影响因素筛选 ............................................................................ 16 3.3 建筑尺寸计算 ............................................................................................ 16 3.3.1 建筑体形系数分析 ............................................................................. 16 3.3.2 实验分析建筑尺寸的选取 ................................................................. 17 3.4 建筑负荷影响重要因素分析 .................................................................... 18 3.4.1 建筑正交试验计算 ............................................................................. 18 3.4.2 实验结果分析 ..................................................................................... 21 3.5 建筑负荷估算方法 .................................................................................... 22 3.6 本章小结 .................................................................................................... 24 第 4 章 冷热电三联供系统能耗分析 ................................................................. 25 4.1 输送温升能耗分析 .................................................................................... 25 哈尔滨工业大学工学硕士学位报告 - V - 4.1.1 水泵温升计算 ..................................................................................... 25 4.1.2 管路流动温升计算 ............................................................................. 25 4.1.3 管路静止温升计算 ............................................................................. 27 4.1.4 管路温升综合计算 ............................................................................. 28 4.1.5 管路温升能耗计算 ............................................................................. 29 4.2 冷热电三联供系统能耗计算与分析 ........................................................ 30 4.2.1 系统数学建模假设 ............................................................................. 30 4.2.2 冷电分产系统能耗计算 ..................................................................... 30 4.2.3 冷热电三联供系统能耗计算 ............................................................. 32 4.3 本章小结 .................................................................................................... 35 第 5 章 冷热电三联供项目经济性分析 ............................................................. 36 5.1 联供方案投资经济分析 ............................................................................ 36 5.2 冷价核准 .................................................................................................... 37 5.2.1 冷价核定概述 ..................................................................................... 37 5.2.2 冷价制定依据和原则 ......................................................................... 37 5.2.3 冷价制定方法 ..................................................................................... 38 5.2.4 效益不确定性分析 ............................................................................. 39 5.3 本章小结 .................................................................................................... 40 第 6 章 冷热电三联供项目可研方案实例分析 ................................................. 41 6.1 冷热电三联供项目概况 ............................................................................ 41 6.2 技术方案分析 ............................................................................................ 41 6.2.1 分产方案 ............................................................................................. 42 6.2.2 联产方案 ............................................................................................. 42 6.3 供冷方案比较 ............................................................................................ 45 6.3.1 方案能耗比较 ..................................................................................... 45 6.3.2 方案经济性比较 ................................................................................. 47 6.3.3 方案选择 ............................................................................................. 51 结论 ....................................................................................................................... 53