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输变电工程环境影响评价模拟类比可行性研究报告DOC

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随着国家/西电东送0战略的实施以及三峡工程进入收获期,输变电工程建设跃上了 一个新的台阶,人们对于电磁环境影响关注以及输变电工程引起的环境纠纷日益增多时 至今日随着输变电工程环评工作的开展,HJ/T24一1998已经不能适应当今电力发展的速度 与要求尤其是对于变电站和输电线路模拟类比,在实际环评工作中,随意地!不规范地 选取可比性较低甚至没有可比性的变电站或输电线路进行模拟类比,最后导致环境影响预 测结果与竣工验收实际测量值产生较大的误差的现象屡见不鲜 本文主要以近几年国内数十个输变电工程环评和竣工验收实测数据和实际工作经验为 研究基础,充分研习比较现有HJ/T24一19985500kV超高压送变电工程电磁辐射环境影响 评价技术规范6和即将颁布并代替该规范的5环境影响评价技术导则输变电工程6,并结 合参考其他已有研究成果,总结输变电工程环境影响评价模拟类比时,选取类比变电站及 输电线路主要参考因素及各个因素的相对重要性,得出现有规范中理论计算和模拟类比的 可行性,以及如何结合项目实际情况对变电站及输电线路进行有效的模拟类比从而提高模 拟类比的可行性及环境影响预测的准确性 HJ/T24一1998规定的类比选择条件比较模糊,考虑因素不全面,对于变电站电磁环境 的模拟类比,除去电压等级一致性和主变容量的相似性,实际上还应考虑以下几点: (1)建设规模相似性 由于高压进出线对于变电站或换流站的电磁环境分布有决定性的影响,因此选取变电 站或换流站电磁环境类比目标时明确工程建设时期和最高甚至各个电压等级进出线的回数 比主变容量显得更为重要 (2)平面布置相似性 其他条件一致情况下,室外变电站对周围电磁环境的影响程度比室内站要大,而且变 电站或换流站平面布置不同直接导致高压进出线和各种电气设备的分布不同,从而直接影 响电磁环境主要源强分布不同因此在选取类比目标时电气平面布置的相似性比主变容量 的相似性显得更为重要 (3)运行工况相似性 给出类比站的运行工况,包括主变运行负荷,最高电压等级进出线过境负荷,条件允 许时给出线电压!线电流!无功补偿等参数值将使得类比分析更加有说服力和可信度 (4)监测布点准确合理性 只有对类比站进行准确有效的布点和监测才能准确充分地反映类比站对周围电磁环境 的影响程度,因此是否选择准确合理的监测路径才是决定变电站或换流站电磁环境模拟类 比可行性的关键条件 对于变电站电磁环境的模拟类比,由于主变型号!周边环境及平面布置对于变电站声环境的影响程度不亚于甚至超过其他因素,因此在选取类比目标时还应注意以下几点: (1)主变容量及型号相似性 在选取变电站或换流站声环境类比目标时应选取主变容量等于或大于拟建站的,同时 类比站主变型号应与拟建站一致且要明确变压器冷却风扇(如果有)运行状态 (2)周边环境相似性 变电站或换流站对周围声环境的影响在很大程度上受制于周边(背景)声环境因此 在满足其他类比条件一致性或相似性同时,必须满足类比站与拟建站周边声环境的相似性 才能充分准确地说明拟建站对周围声环境的影响 (3)平面布置相似性 室内站和室外站噪声源强及分布由于受到屏蔽!衰减等作用影响存在较大差异,所以 选取的类比站时应保证其与拟建站的电气平面布置的相似性,以提高类比可比性和说服力 (4)声源类比结合模型预测 在无法同时满足所有可比性条件时可以仅对主变声源声级进行类比而不对厂界噪声进 行类比,再用点声源衰减计算模式进行理论计算并叠加拟建站址所处背景噪声,也不失为 类比与理论模拟计算相结合的方法来说明拟建站对周围声环境的影响 而对于输电线路的电磁环境,HJ/T24一1998中理论计算和模拟类比预测方法均有可行 性约束条件,在实际模拟类比是应注意以下几点: (l)理论计算的可行性 按照理论计算的地面场强仅对输电线路档距中央一段(该处场强最大)是符合的,另 外该理论计算方法计算的结果只能作为非畸变场的预测,而不能预测线下房屋内外的电场 和磁场强度和分布 (2)相关参数不确定性 对于输电线路电磁环境理论计算,包括导线型号!架线方式(包括杆塔类型!相序排 列方式)等相关预测参数在工程可行性研究阶段都有较大变数,因此在理论计算时难以保 证其预测结果的准确性同样对于模拟类比,难以准确获得己运行输电线路各种技术参数 也是制约类比可行性的重要约束条件 (3)类比监测环境约束性 在满足电压等级!导线型号及分裂数!杆塔类型!相序排列方式等可比性条件一致或 相似的前提下,常常因为地形条件或监测环境的约束而无法进行有效的类比监测,因此可 以将理论计算和模拟类比两种方法相结合,以实际类比监测数据验证说明理论计算的结果, 以理论计算的结果说明各种参数条件下实际运行的最大限值,从而可以保证并提高模拟类 比的可行性 关键词:输变电环境影响评价模拟类比可行性ResearchonSimulationandAnalogy FeasibilityofEnvironmentalImPact ASSeSSlllentofEleCtyiCPOWerTrallsmiSSion andConversionProject MasterCandidate:ZhangKunSuPervisor:Prof.ChengShenggao ABSTRACT Asthestratagemof/EleetriePowerTransmissionfromWesttoEast15exeeutedandthe ThreeGorgesProjeet15inthePeriodofharvestinoureountry,theeontributionofEleetriePower TransmissionandConversionProjectsstePPedintoanewe低moreandmoreattentionthat PeoPlePaidonElectromagneticandenvironmentaldissensionstriggeredbyEleetriePower TransmissionandConversionProjeetsinereasingly.AtPresent,asthedeveloPmentof EnvironmentImPactAssessment(E认)ofEleetriePowerTransmissionandConversionProjeets, HJ/T24一1998eouldn,tfittheElectriePowerTransmissionandConversionProjectsthoseare underoraboveSO0kVvoltageclass.esPeeiallyforthesimulationandanalogyofthetransformer substationsortransmissionIines,hiPractiealEnvironmentalImPactAssessment,simulationand analogyobjectswithoutfeasibilityareehosenrandomlyorunregulated,whiehleadstotheresult thattheactualmeasurementvaluesarequitedifferentfromthePredietedvaluesinEIArePorts. BasedondozensofactualmeasuremenivaluesandexPerieneeofE认ofEleetriePower TransmissionandConversionProjeetsinrecentyearsinoureountry,andsufficientresearehon HJ/T24一1998and(willrePlaeedtheformer),andeombinedthe relativereseareh,thisdissertationeoncludesmainfactorsaneonditionsandtheireomParatively imPortaneethatshouldbeeonsideredwhenchoosingobjeetortransmissionlinesforsimulation andanalogyinEIAofEleetriePowerTransmissionandConversionProjeets,andthefeasibility ofsimulationandanalogythatHJ/T24一1998states,andfinallyindicateshowtoenhaneethe feasibilityofsimulationandana]ogyandveracityofenvironmentalimPaetPredietioncombined thePraeticaleonditionsoftheProjeets. TheconditionsofsimulationandanalogythatHJ/T24一1998statesarenotelearand comPrehensiveenough,besidestheeonsisteneyofvoltageelassandsimilarityoftransformer eaPability,morefactorsoreonditionsshouldbeeonsideredfortheanalogyofelectromagnetie envlronmentasfollows: (1)Similarityofseale 了Becauseoftheeritiealinflueneeonelectromagnetieenvironmentoftransformersubstations confirminghowmanytransmissionlinesinWhichPeriodofeonstruetion15moreimPortantthan transformereaPabilitywhenehoosingananalogyobjeet. (2)Similarityofoveralllayout Whenothereonditionsaresame,olltdoortransformersubstationshavemoreeffeeton surroundingeleetromagnetieenvironmentthanindoorones,andthediffereneeofoveralllayout willleadtothediffereneeofdistributingoftransmissionlinesandeleetrieequiPments,whieh willleadtothediffereneeofdistributingofeleetromagnetieenvironment,thereforethe similarityofoverallIayout15moreimPortantthantransformercaPabilitywhenehoosingan analogyobjeet. (3)5imilarityofrunningeondition TheanalogywouldbemorePersuasiVeandcredibleiftherunningeonditionoftransformer substations,ineludingtransformerworkingeondition,loadoftransmissionlines,linevoltage, lineeurrent,15cleared. (4)Veraciousandrationalmonitoring Theinflueneeonthesurroundingelectromagnetieenvironmentcouldberevealedexaetly onlyiftransformersubstationsweremonitoredandmeasuredinveraciousandrationalway aceordingtotherelativeregulations,50ifthemonitoringorthemeasuring15veraeiousand rationa]ornot,15theeritiealconditionfortheanalogy. Thefactorssuchastransformerstyle,surroundingenvironment,andoveralllayouteffeet moreonnoiseenvironmentthanotherfactors,50followingeonditionsshouldbeeonsideredfor theanalogyoftrallsformersubstationsnoiseenvironment: 川5imilarityoftransformercaPabilityandstyle ThetransformereaPaeityshouldnotbesmallerthantheobjectiveoneforananalogyof noiseenvironmentoftransformersubstations,meanwhile,thetransformersty1eshou1dbesimiIar andtheworkingeonditionoftheeoolingfan(ifthere15one). (2)similarityofsurroundingenvironment Theinflueneeonthenoiseenvironmentoftrallsformersubstations15constrainedbythe surrounding(background)noisetomueheXtent,50thesimilarityofsurroundingenvironment15 quiteneeessarywhenanalyzingtheinflueneeonthenoiseenvironmentoftransformer substatlons. (3)Similarityofoveralllayout Theintensityanddistributingofnoisesoureewouldbedifferentbeeauseofthesereening andredueingeffeetbetweenoutdoorandindoortransformersubstations,50thesimilarityof overalllayoutwillmaketheanalogymorePersuasiveandcredible. (4)analogyofthenoisesoureeeombinedmodalPrediction IfeomParabilityeonditionseouldnotavailablesimultaneously,weeananalyzedthe intensityofnoisesouree,notthebinderynoise,andcaleulatethecontributionintensityaceording totheredueingmodal,andfinallyeombinedthebackgroundnoise15alsoaneffeetivewayto analyzethenoiseinfluenceoftransformersubstations.ThesimulationandanalogyfortheeleetromagnetieenvironmentoftransmissionIinesthat HJ/T24一1998statesareeonstrainedbysomemorefaetorsoreonditionsshouldbeconsideredby condltionsasfollows: (l)Thefeasibilityoftheoreticalealeulation Thefieldintensitythatealeulatedintheory15onlyaPProPriateforthemiddlePartofthe lines,besidestheealculationresulteouldonlydemonstratethenon一aberrationfield,notthe iniensityandthedistributingoftheeleetrieormagnetiefieldinsideoroutsidethehousesright underthetrallsmissionlines. (2)Indeterminationoftherelatlvefactors Manyrelativefaetorssuchastowerstyle,linestyleandarrangement,actualrunningeurrent andlineheightfromthegroundeouldbedeterminedinthePeriodoffeasibilityreseareh,50the veraeityofthetheoretiealealeulationcannotbeassured.Thesamesituation15oecurredforthe simulationandanalogybeeauseoftherelativefactors15noteasilyavailable. (3)Restrictionoflnonitoringandmeasuringenvironment Preeonditionssuchastowerstyle,linestyleandarrangement,andlineheightfromthe ground15theeomParativeeonditionsintheory,howeverinPraetieethelandformorenvironment eonditions15notusuallyaPProPriateformonitoringandmeasuring,50itisagoodchoieeto eombinedthetheoretiealealeulationandanalogy,themonitoringdataoftheanalogyeouldProve theresultofthetheoretiealealculation,meanwhilethetheoreticalealeulationeoulsdemonstrate theaetualrunninginiensityondi价rentconditions. KeyW0rds:EleetriePowerTransmissionandConversion/EnvironmentallmPaet Assessment/SimulationandAnalogy/Feasibility目录 第一章绪论..............................................................................................................................1 芍1.1研究背景!目的及意义.............................................................................................1 1.1.1研究背景............................................................................................................1 1.1.2研究目的及意义................................................................................................1 芍1.2国内外研究现状.........................................................................................................2 1.2.1输变电工程环境影响评价国内外现状.............................................,........2 1.2.2我国输变电工程环境影响评价存在的问题...................................................3 夸1.3报告研究的主要内容.................................................................................................6 1.3.1研究内容............................................................................................................6 1.3.2研究基础............................................................................................................6 1.3.3主要研究成果及创新之处................................................................................6 第二章输变电工程环境影响特征...........................................................................................7 虽2.1输变电工程相关概念及术语....................................................................................7 2.1.1输变电相关设备及概念....................................................................................7 2.1.2输变电工程环境影响评价相关术语及定义....................................................9 芍2.2输变电工程环境影响特点......................................................................................10 2.2.1建设期环境影响因素分析..............................................................................10 2.2.2运行期环境影响因素分析...............................................................................11 第三章变电站模拟类比可行性.............................................................................................12 荟3.1变电站电磁环境模拟类比考虑因素......................................................................12 3.1.1电压等级..........................................................................................................12 3.1.2建设规模............................................................................................,.......12 3.1.3容量.....................................................................................................,....13 3.1.4电气平面布置..................................................................................................13 3.1.5运行工况..........................................................................................................14 3.1.6监测布点及监测环境.........................................................................,......14 芍3.2变电站电磁环境模拟类比可行性..........................................................................16 3.2.1建设规模相似性..............................................................................................16 3.2.2平面布置相似性..............................................................................................16 3.2.3运行工况相似性..............................................................................................17 3.2.4监测布点准确合理性......................................................................................17 夸3.3变电站声环境模拟类比考虑因素..........................................................................18 3.2.1主变容量及型号.............................................................................................18 3.3.3周边环境..........................................................................................................18 3.2.2总平面布置......................,.........................................................................19 夸3.4变电站声环境模拟类比可行性..............................................................................20 3.4.1主变容量及型号相似性...........................................................,................213.4.2周边环境相似性.............................................................................,..........21 3.4.3平面布置相似性...........................................................................,..,..,21 3.4.4声源类比结合模型预测..................................................................................21 第四章输电线路电磁环境模拟类比可行性.........................................................................22 怪4.1输电线路模拟计算公式...........................................................................................22 4.1.1空间工频电场强度的计算..............................................................................22 4.1.2空间磁场强度的计算......................................................................................25 4.1.3直流输电线路地面合成场强简化计算..........................................................26 护.2输电线路电磁环境模拟类比考虑因素..................................................................27 4.2.1电压等级...................................................................................,................27 4.2.2导线型号!次导线分裂数..............................................................................28 4.2.3导线回数,排列方式......................................................................................30 4.2.4导线对地距离..................................................................................................犯 夸4.3输电线路电磁环境模拟类比可行性.,!..................................................................34 4.3.1理论计算的可行性.......................................................................................,二34 4.3.2预测参数不确定性.............................................................,.....,.......,.35 4.3,3类比线路运行工况不确定性.........................................................!..........35 4.3.4类比监测环境约束性..........................................................,.....................36 第五章结论.................................................,..................................................................37 夸5.1变电站电磁环境模拟类比可行性结论...................................................................37 5.1.1电压等级一致性..............................................................................................37 5.1.2建设规模相似性..............................................................................................37 5.1.3平面布置相似性..,......,.,.,...............................................37 5.1.4运行工况相似性..............................................................................................37 5.1.5监测布点准确合理性......................................................................................38 夸5.2变电站声环境模拟类比可行性结论.......................................................................38 5.2.1主变容量和型号相似性..................................................................................38 5.2.2周围声环境相似性..............................................................,.....................38 5.2.3平面布置相似性..................................................................,.....................38 5.2.4声源类比结合模型预测..................................................................................38 孙.3输电线路电磁环境模拟类比可行性结论...............................................................39 5.3.1理论计算的可行性.,........................................................................................39 5.3.2相关参数不确定性.,........................................................................................39 5.3.3类比监测环境约束性......................................................................................39 芍5.4有待进一步的研究工作...........................................................................................39 5.4.1特殊条件的类比目标缺乏..............................................................................40 5.4.2恶劣天气下电晕噪声类比可行性..............................,.,.....................40 5.4.3地下电缆电磁环境模拟类比可行性..............................................................40 致谢...........................................,.二,..,..,..,........................41