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石家庄市高校开展拓展训练课程的可行性研究报告DOC

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当今社会经济迅速发展,知识大爆炸,社会对人才的要求不断提升。大学是学生生 涯的最后一个阶段,即将面临社会,接受挑战,现如今在社会中想成为一个优秀的人才, 拥有自己的一片天地,仅仅拥有健康的身体是远远不够的,还需要在心理、社会适应能 力、意志品质和创新精神等各方面不断地提高、完善自己,一个社会所需要的人才是各 种能力的综合体。社会的需求也给高校的教育带来了新的挑战,大学教育必须要与社会 接轨,与社会发展同步,解放思想,为社会更好、更快的发展培养综合性人才。拓展训 练其实就是在户外、野外等特定的环境条件下,通过身体活动让参与者进行冒险、挑战 的一种体验式训练方法,以此来培养和提高参与者健康的体魄、坚强的意志品质、决策 能力、竞争能力、冒险的精神等。 拓展训练引入中国是在 1995 年,它以独特的训练模式吸引了越来越多的人,被多 家单位(企事业单位、中小学素质教育等)接收和认同,并迅速发展起来。现阶段,国 内已有上百所高等院校将拓展教育纳入教学范围以内,并且在训练式样上也逐步增多, 拓宽了拓展训练在国内的影响力。这些院校主要集中在大城市,如北京、上海、广州等 地的高校。但是,近些年,石家庄的高等院校也将拓展教育纳入到体育教育中来,虽然 训练项目还有待进一步增加,但是石家庄的高等院校在发展拓展教育方面的成绩还是值 得肯定的。此外,各高校还积极通过模拟部分拓展训练开展一些课外活动,如攀岩、野 外生存、自行车越野等休闲娱乐项目。虽然拓展训练发展很迅速,但高校中拓展训练发 展的诸多困难也不应当被忽视。 本文正是通过文献资料、问卷调查等方法调查拓展训练在石家庄高等院校的体育 课程中开展的情况、探究这种现状的成因、必要性和可行性以及开展拓展训练过程中的 困难和采取相应的政策来展开研究,其主要目的就是为了能更加丰富和完善石家庄高校 拓展训练的理论和实践体系,同时,通过分析这些原因来谋求新的发展策略,进一步促 进拓展训练在石家庄高校的普及与发展。通过研究得出以下结论, 1、石家庄高校中拓 展训练课程开展的不是很理想,在调查的 8 个具有代表性高校里,只有四所高校具有比 较完备的场地设施,还有三所学校未开设拓展训练课程,其直接原因是场地设施问题和 师资问题,这样的开设现状不利于拓展训练在石家庄高校体育教学中的普及。2、石家 庄高校开展拓展训练的必要性主要体现在,(1)符合素质教育和高校课程改革的需求。 (2)符合当代社会对高素质人才的需求。(3)当代大学生自身的需求。(4)可以提高体育课的价值。3、石家庄高校开展拓展训练的可行性主要体现在,(1)国家教育政策 的相关支持。(2)石家庄各高校基本具备开展拓展训练的软硬件条件。(3)科学的学习 理论的指导即体验式学习。4、影响石家庄高等院校开展拓展训练的主要因素包括,(1) 石家庄高校师生没有意识到拓展训练的重要性。(2)对石家庄高校开展拓展训练课程安 全因素的顾虑。(3)拓展训练项目本身特性所带来的阻力。(4)拓展训练与传统体育课 程矛盾带来的阻力。5、石家庄市高校开展拓展训练的对策主要是,(1)石家庄市各高 校应加强对拓展训练特殊教育价值的认识程度。(2)石家庄各级政府部门应制定相应政 策,加大经费投入,支持拓展训练在石家庄各高校的开展。(3)石家庄各高校应重视师 资队伍的建设。(4)石家庄各高校应将拓展训练与传统体育课程有机结合起来。(5)石 家庄各高校应充分利用社会资源。 关键词,拓展训练,石家庄,高校Abstract Today's social and economic rapid development, knowledge explosion, and the social demand for talents. University is the final stage of his career, will face the society, accept the challenge, now in the society want to be a good people, have their own a piece of heaven and earth, only have a healthy body is not enough, also need to have healthy psychology and good social adaptation ability, indomitable will quality, innovative spirit and ability of a society need talent is a complex of different levels of ability. The demand of the society also brought new challenge to university education, university education must be the social conventions, and social development synchronization, emancipate the mind, from various aspects of cultivating the high level talents social needed. Expansion training, as a kind of experiential learning, is to set the scene or specific conditions, physical activity as the main carrier, with all sorts of challenges activities as the main form, let the individual and team activities in terms of the process and experience necessary test, so as to cultivate a healthy body, good psychological quality, positive and enterprising life attitude, excellent team consciousness, etc. Expand training into China since 1995, the rapid development in recent years. Because of its unique form and good effect, has been accepted by more and more units and identity. Is widely applied to enterprises and institutions, the MBA education, elementary and middle schools education for all-around development, etc. In our country's higher education, there are hundreds of colleges and universities to carry out various training activities. Expand training supplement quality-oriented education, has been gradually into the sports teaching in colleges and universities. Currently shijiazhuang had introduce will expand training in colleges and universities sports teaching. In addition, there are many colleges and universities in various forms to carry out a similar training. Some colleges and universities have to rock climbing, orienteering, field survival and other emerging sports as electives. The process of outward bound training, however, the introduction of shijiazhuang university is not plain sailing, and there are many difficulties. In this paper, it is through methods such as literature data method, questionnaire survey of shijiazhuang to conduct training course in colleges and universities sports teaching presentsituation, to explore the cause of the status quo, shijiazhuang colleges and universities to carry out the training and the necessity and feasibility of shijiazhuang colleges expand training faced resistance and what the corresponding policies to study, its main purpose is in order to be more rich and perfect the theory and practice of shijiazhuang university training system, at the same time, through the analysis of these reasons to seek new development strategy, to further promote the popularization and development of outward bound training in shijiazhuang colleges and universities. By studying the following conclusions: 1, shijiazhuang of outward bound training course in colleges and universities to carry out is not very ideal, 8 representative universities in the survey, only four universities have relatively complete facilities, there are three schools did not expand training courses, its direct reason is the facilities and the teachers, the opening of this situation is not conducive to expand training in shijiazhuang, the popularity of the sports teaching in colleges and universities. 2, shijiazhuang colleges expand training necessity mainly reflects in: (1) can meet the demand of quality education and curriculum reform in colleges and universities. (2) the demand for high-quality talents in contemporary society. (3) the contemporary college students' own requirements. (4) can improve the value of physical education. 3, shijiazhuang colleges and universities to carry out the feasibility of outward bound training mainly reflects in: (1) the national education policy support. (2) universities and colleges in shijiazhuang basic conditions to carry out the training of software and hardware. (3) the guidance of scientific learning theory that experiential learning. 4, shijiazhuang colleges and universities to carry out the training of resistance factors mainly: (1) shijiazhuang teachers and students in colleges and universities to expand training of cognitive is not enough. (2) to shijiazhuang colleges expand training course safety concerns. (3) resistance training project itself characteristics. (4) develop resistance training contradiction with the traditional physical education curriculum. 5, shijiazhuang colleges training countermeasures mainly are: (1) universities and colleges in shijiazhuang city should strengthen the awareness of training special education value. (2) the shijiazhuang government departments at all levels should formulate corresponding policies to increase the funds investment, support training carried out in universities and colleges in shijiazhuang. (3) shijiazhuang each college should attach importance to the construction of teaching staff. (4) universities and colleges in shijiazhuang should be the organic combinationof training and the traditional physical education curriculum. (5) shijiazhuang universities should take various effective measures to eliminate the safety hidden trouble. (6) shijiazhuang universities should make full use of social resources. Key words: training, shijiazhuang, colleges and universities目 录 中文摘要................................................................III 英文摘要..................................................................V 引 言....................................................................1 1 文献综述................................................................3 1.1 拓展训练的产生和发展 .............................................3 1.2 国外拓展训练研究现状 .............................................4 1.3 国内拓展训练研究现状 .............................................5 2 研究对象和方法..........................................................9 2.1 研究对象 .........................................................9 2.2 研究方法 .........................................................9 2.2.1 文献资料法..................................................9 2.2.2 专家访谈法..................................................9 2.2.3 问卷调查法..................................................9 2.2.4 数理统计法.................................................11 3 研究结果与分析.........................................................13 3.1 石家庄高校拓展训练开展的现状分析 ................................13 3.2 石家庄高校体育教学中开展拓展训练的必要性和可行性分析 .............13 3.2.1 石家庄高校开展拓展训练的必要性.............................13 3.2.2 石家庄高校开展拓展训练的可行性分析.........................17 3.3 石家庄高校开展拓展训练的阻力因素分析 ............................20 3.3.1 石家庄高校师生对拓展训练的认知情况分析.....................20 3.3.2 对石家庄高校开展拓展训练课程安全因素的分析.................20 3.3.3 拓展训练项目本身特性所带来的阻力分析.......................21 3.3.4 石家庄高校开展拓展训练与传统体育课程矛盾带来的阻力分析.....22 3.4 石家庄市高校开展拓展训练的对策研究 ..............................22 3.4.1 加强对拓展训练特殊教育价值的宣传...........................22 3.4.2 争取石家庄各级政府部门对开展拓展训练的支持.................23 3.4.3 重视拓展运动的师资队伍建设.................................233.4.4 加强拓展训练与传统体育课程有机结合.........................24 3.4.5 充分利用社会资源积极开展拓展项目的训练.....................24 结论与建议...............................................................27 结论 .................................................................27 建议 .................................................................27