污水源热泵是一种可再生能源利用技术，它通过热泵技术汲取污水中的热量或冷 量，从而为建筑供热或供冷。由于污水源热泵高效节能，因此它的应用在节能减排，低 碳城市发展中具有重要意义。 由于污水源热泵的性能会受到多方面因素的影响，因此为了科学地应用该项技术， 多年来人们一直致力于该领域的研究。 污水源热泵系统的运行模式是小温差、大流量，与传统供热方式相比，输送管线投 资大，输送能耗大。总之输送距离与工程造价、运行费用以及供热、供冷的可靠性有直 接关系。另外，从污水源热泵的节能原理可知，冬季水源水温越高，污水源热泵系统 COP 则越大；反之，夏季水源水温越高，污水源热泵系统 EEF 则越小。因此在污水水 温度一定的条件下，若污水设计可利用温差选择太大，会直接影响热泵系统的性能，同 时会影响设备的安全运行。 本文根据相关标准的最大输送能效比，测算得到该系统的最大供热距离；并根据水 -水换热器的换热基本原理，计算分析得到该系统污水可利用温差。本文还应用动态负 荷分析方法确定建筑热指标以及评估供热能力；并对供热温度较低、对用户直供等特殊 问题提出末端系统连接方式及运行调节方案；最后对该系统节能与环境效益进行了评 估。 关键词： 污水源热泵，可利用温差，最大供热距离，节能效益评估 长安大学硕士学位报告II Abstract The sewage-source heat pump is a renewable energy technology that draws heat or cold quantity from sewage by heat pump technology to provide heating or cooling for buildings. The sewage-source heat pump is a high energy-efficient technology, thus its utilizing in energy saving and low carbon city development is of great significance. Owing to the function of the sewage-source heat pump influenced by multiple factors, experts have been committed to the field of research over the years so as to apply that technology scientifically. The operation mode of the sewage-source heat pump is small temperature difference and mass flow. Compared with traditional way of heating, its delivery line has a great investment and transmission energy consumption. Anyway there exists a direct relationship between its transporting distance and construction cost, operating cost and the reliability of the heating and cooling. According to energy-saving principle of the sewage-source heat pump, winter water temperature is higher, the sewage-source heat pump system COP is greater, on the other hand, the higher the water temperature in summer, the less EEF sewage-source heat pump system. In sewage water temperature under certain conditions, if the sewage design choice available temperature difference is too big, will directly affect the performance of heat pump system and safe operation of the equipment simultaneously. Based on maximum transmission energy efficiency ratio of relevant standard, the article can measure to acquire the maximum heating distance. And according to the basic principle of water-water heat exchanger heat transfer, the temperature difference of sewage in the system will be available by calculation and analysis. The article uses dynamic load analysis method to determine the heating capacity building thermal indicators and assessment. The end systems connecting method and operation regulation scheme have been brought forward for some specific problems such as the heating water temperature low and the user directly supply. Finally, the energy saving and environment benefits of the system have been evaluated in this article. Key words: Sewage-source heat pump, Available temperature difference, Maximum heating distance, Energy efficiency evaluation 长安大学硕士学位报告III 目 录 第一章 绪论...............................................................................................................................1 1.1 课题的背景..................................................................................................................1 1.2 污水源热泵技术的特点..............................................................................................2 1.3 国内外研究现状...........................................................................................................2 1.4 项目研究内容...............................................................................................................3 第二章 污水源热泵供热系统关键技术.............................................................................................4 2.1 系统工艺过程..............................................................................................................4 2.2 管网最大输送距离......................................................................................................5 2.3 污水水源可利用温差..................................................................................................7 2.4 本章小结..................................................................................................................13 第三章 污水厂二级出水热能资源评估..............................................................................................14 3.1 污水处理厂二级出水水质.........................................................................................14 3.2 污水资源勘查.............................................................................................................15 3.2.1 污水参数采集系统.........................................................................................15 3.2.2 污水温度检测结果..........................................................................................17 3.2.3 污水流量检测结果.........................................................................................23 3.2.4 缓冲池的设计...............................................................................................26 3.3 供热区域建筑动态负荷及热指标的预测.................................................................29 3.3.1 某宾馆建筑基本概况......................................................................................29 3.3.2 某住宅建筑基本概况......................................................................................29 3.3.3 某办公建筑基本概况......................................................................................29 3.3.4 计算方法选择..................................................................................................30 3.3.5 建立建筑模型.................................................................................................30 3.3.6 室外气象参数..................................................................................................32 3.3.7 DeST 模拟结果...............................................................................................32 3.3.8 热指标预测......................................................................................................34 3.3.9 冷指标预测......................................................................................................36 3.3.10 动态总负荷测算............................................................................................36 长安大学硕士学位报告IV 3.4 污水热能资源评估....................................................................................................37 3.5 本章小结....................................................................................................................39 第四章 热泵系统技术方案与参数.................................................................................................... 40 4.1 直接式与间接式系统的比较确定.............................................................................40 4.2 热泵系统冬季制热方案.............................................................................................41 4.3 二级换热系统............................................................................................................41 4.4 与末端系统的匹配方案............................................................................................43 4.5 冬季制热匹配方案.....................................................................................................43 4.6 本章小结....................................................................................................................44 第五章 建筑末端系统形式及运行调节...........................................................................................45 5.1 建筑末端系统形式..................................................................................................45 5.2 运行调节方式.............................................................................................................46 5.2.1 热泵运行调节...............................................................................................46 5.2.2 水泵运行调节方式..........................................................................................47 5.3 本章小结....................................................................................................................47 第六章 节能与环境效益.......................................................................................................................48 6.1 节能效益评估............................................................................................................48 6.1.1 污水源热泵系统年耗能量的计算.................................................................48 6.1.2 常规供暖、供冷方式年耗能量的计算.........................................................49 6.1.3 节能量和节能率.............................................................................................49 6.2 环境效益评估............................................................................................................50 6.3 本章小结....................................................................................................................53 结 论............................................................................................................................................................54