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MBA毕业论文_W能源集团CZ垃圾焚烧发电投资项目后评价研究DOC

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随着全球经济的发展及人类生活水平的不断提高,人类所产生的生活垃圾数量 也随之迅猛增加,而这些垃圾已经对社会环境和自然环境造成了不利影响。将生活 垃圾进行焚烧处理不但可以减少垃圾存量,还可以用于发电等,有利于社会环境与 自然环境的改善,也有利于投资主体经济效益的提高。因此,垃圾焚烧发电产业迅 速兴起,各类资本纷纷本涌入这一行业。但垃圾焚烧发电属于公用事业范畴,具有 项目投资大、技术要求高、内外部环境不确定性多等特点,因此垃圾焚烧发电项目 的投资存在一定的风险。对垃圾焚烧发电项目引入投资项目后评价机制,不仅可以 更加全面地认识项目投资建设运营全过程的工作水平,还能对项目运营的改进与提 高提供参考,并对后续项目的投资建设运营提供有益借鉴,从而降低垃圾焚烧发电 项目投资的风险。国外投资项目后评价起步较早,发展也较为成熟,而我国投资项 目后评价引入时间较晚,特别是对垃圾焚烧发电这一新兴产业领域的后评价还没有 形成一套政府与专家一致认可的系统、全面、成熟的评价体系,因此,对垃圾焚烧 发电项目进行投资项目后评价工作具有非常重要的理论价值与实践意义。 本文通过大量阅读国内外有关项目后评价及垃圾焚烧发电的相关文献,对国内 外学者投资项目后评价理论和后评价的研究成果及发展状况进行了综述与回顾,分 析了投资项目后评价理论与研究的发展现状及趋势,介绍了投资项目后评价的相关 概念和理论基础,并对投资项目后评价的主要方法进行了分析比较,提出了项目后 评价工作的一般程序。通过对 W 能源集团多个垃圾焚烧发电投资项目的技术指标、 经营状况等进行对比分析,最终选择运营较好的 CZ 项目为项目后评价研究对象。 运用投资项目后评价的理论与后评价方法尝试构建了项目后评价体系,对 W 能源集 团垃圾焚烧发电投资项目 CZ 项目进行了具体后评价,包括实施过程评价、效果与 目标评价、影响评价和持续性评价等,最后使用逻辑框架法和项目成功度法进行了 综合评价。 通过综合运用项目后评价相关原理及方法,最终得出了 W 能源集团 CZ 垃圾焚 烧发电项目各项技术、经济、运营指标等均达到可研目标,对经济、社会、环境等 产生了有益影响,是较为成功的垃圾焚烧发电项目,从一定程度上验证了构建的后 评价体系的适用性。论文的最后还总结了 CZ 项目成功的经验及存在的主要问题, 并对 W 能源集团垃圾焚烧发电项目、垃圾焚烧发电产业及政府等提出了相关建议。 关键词:垃圾焚烧发电;投资项目后评价;综合评价I ABSTRACT Today, due to the shortage of traditional energy sources and the energy security issues, the international community has issued lots of policies to prompt the consuming of the renewable energy. In recent years, as the global economy has developed, the waste generation has increased rapidly. Incineration treatment allows to reduce the volume of waste, to prompt recycling along with incineration of combustible waste, and also offer great chances to use the heat generated from incineration. Therefore, the waste to energy plant project (WTEPP) was widely employed. However, the WTEPP belongs to the public utility category and has the characteristics of large investment, complicated technology, strong uncertainty and high operating cost. As an important link in the management of constructing the WTEPP, the method of post-evaluation can not only fully understand the correctness of project decision-making, project implementation and management, but also improve the decision-making quality of new projects. However, the post-evaluation of investment projects has been applied relatively late in China. At present, to our best knowledge, there is no systematic, comprehensive and mature evaluation system for post-evaluation of WTEPP in China. Therefore, applying post-evaluation to WTEPP has theoretic and practice meanings. In this thesis, we briefly review the post-evaluation theory and its ongoing researches, and also study the present status of post evaluation development and its tendency. Meanwhile, we briefly discuss the relevant concepts and theoretical basis of the post-evaluation methods on projects investment, and compare the performance of different post-evaluation methods for projects investment. Based on our findings we propose a general framework of post-evaluation. To this end, we carry out a comparative analysis of the technical indicators, operation status and problems faced by W Energy Group's multiple WTEPPs, and we choice the best performing CZ project as the study object for post evaluation by means of target evaluation, implementation process evaluation, benefit and effect evaluation, impact evaluation and continuous evaluation, etc. Finally, a comprehensive evaluation is performed with the logical framework approach and success degree evaluation methodology. The results show that CZ WTEPP is a relatively successful project. In addition, we summarize the experience and potential issues of the project, and propose relevant suggestions related to WTE industry to W Energy Group and government.II Keywords:Waste-to-energy; post evaluation of investment projects; comprehensive post evaluation1 目 录 第 1 章 绪论............................................1 1.1 研究背景 ..................................................................................................... 1 1.2 研究目的与意义 ......................................................................................... 2 1.2.1 研究的目的 ...................................................................................... 2 1.2.2 研究的意义 ...................................................................................... 3 1.3 研究内容与研究方法 ................................................................................. 4 1.3.1 研究内容 .......................................................................................... 4 1.3.2 研究方法 .......................................................................................... 5 第 2 章 投资项目后评价研究综述与基本理论 ................6 2.1 研究综述 ..................................................................................................... 6 2.1.1 国外研究综述 .................................................................................. 6 2.1.2 国内研究综述 .................................................................................. 7 2.2 投资项目后评价概念 ................................................................................. 9 2.2.1 基本概念 .......................................................................................... 9 2.2.2 投资项目后评价的意义 .................................................................. 9 2.2.3 投资项目后评价的类型 .................................................................. 9 2.2.4 需要区分的概念 ............................................................................ 10 2.3 投资项目后评价相关理论 ....................................................................... 10 2.3.1 系统理论 ........................................................................................ 10 2.3.2 反馈控制理论 .................................................................................11 2.3.3 可持续发展理论 ............................................................................ 12 2.4 投资项目后评价主要方法 ....................................................................... 12 2.4.1 对比分析法 .................................................................................... 12 2.4.2 逻辑框架法 .................................................................................... 13 2.4.3 成功度评价法 ................................................................................ 13 2.5 投资项目后评价的基本程序 ................................................................... 14 第 3 章 W 能源集团垃圾焚烧发电项目基本情况.............16 3.1 W 能源集团简介 ....................................................................................... 16 3.2 W 能源集团垃圾焚烧发电投资项目现状 ............................................... 172 3.2.1 W 能源集团垃圾焚烧发电投资项目基本情况 ............................ 17 3.2.2 W 能源集团垃圾焚烧发电投资项目基本盈利模式 .................... 18 3.2.3 W 能源集团垃圾焚烧发电投资项目主要技术状况 .................... 18 3.2.4 W 能源集团垃圾焚烧发电投资项目后评价面临的问题 ............ 18 3.3 投资项目后评价对象的确定 ................................................................... 19 第 4 章 CZ 垃圾焚烧发电项目后评价......................20 4.1 CZ 垃圾焚烧发电投资项目概况 .............................................................. 20 4.1.1 项目基本情况 ................................................................................ 20 4.1.2 项目决策理由与目标.................................................................. 20 4.1.3 项目建设内容及规模 .................................................................... 21 4.1.4 项目投资情况 ................................................................................ 21 4.2 项目全过程总结与评价 ........................................................................... 23 4.2.1 项目前期决策情况与评价 ............................................................ 23 4.2.2 项目实施准备情况与评价 ............................................................ 24 4.2.3 项目建设实施情况及评价 ............................................................ 26 4.2.4 项目运营总结与评价 .................................................................... 29 4.3 项目实施效果与实现目标评价 ............................................................... 31 4.3.1 项目技术水平评价 ........................................................................ 31 4.3.2 项目管理水平评价 ........................................................................ 33 4.3.3 项目节能环保水平评价 ................................................................ 34 4.3.5 项目经济水平评价 ........................................................................ 35 4.3.6 项目实现目标评价 ........................................................................ 44 4.4 项目影响评价 ........................................................................................... 46 4.4.1 经济影响评价 ................................................................................ 46 4.4.2 社会影响评价 ................................................................................ 47 4.4.3 环境影响评价 ................................................................................ 47 4.5 项目可持续性评价 ................................................................................... 47 4.5.1 外部因素对项目可持续能力的影响 ............................................ 47 4.5.2 内部因素对项目可持续能力的影响 ............................................ 48 4.6 项目综合后评价 ....................................................................................... 49 4.6.1 逻辑框架法评价 ............................................................................ 49 4.6.2 项目成功度评价法评价 ................................................................ 513 4.7 CZ 项目主要经验与存在的问题 .............................................................. 53 4.7.1 CZ 项目主要经验 ........................................................................... 53 4.7.2 CZ 项目存在的主要问题 ............................................................... 53 4.8 对策建议 ................................................................................................... 54 4.8.1 对 W 能源集团垃圾焚烧发电投资项目的建议 .......................... 54 4.8.2 对垃圾焚烧发电产业及政府的建议 ............................................ 54 4.9 本章小结 ................................................................................................... 55 第 5 章 结论与建议.....................................56 5.1 结论 ........................................................................................................... 56 5.2 项目后评价建议 ....................................................................................... 56 5.3 本文的不足 ............................................................................................... 57