I 摘要 本文跟踪研究了全球统一的轻型车排放测试规程（WLTP）的开发过程，对其 开发过程中的关键环节和技术方法进行了总结。选取了 10 辆小排量、低功率自主 品牌车辆进行了 WLTP 中国道路适应性研究，分析总结了 WLTP 在国五排放标准 基础上所做的改善和提出的新理念。选取了多点电喷汽油车、缸内直喷汽油车及 柴油车，对比研究了样车在 WLTP 工况和国五排放标准新欧洲驾驶循环（NEDC） 下的差异。选取了混合动力和纯电动样车，研究了样车在 WLTP 与 NEDC 工况下 的充放电情况。对比分析了 WLTP 各阶段与国内和美国主要工况特征值的差异， 通过工况特征值的对比分析，结合我国道路状况和车辆使用情况，并参考美国联 邦测试循环（FTP-75）加权的经验，给出了 WLTP 各阶段工况的权重系数。选取 了 1 辆欧洲和 1 辆美国进口车辆，研究了 WLTP 与 NEDC 和 FTP-75 工况排放值的 差异，参照欧六、中国六阶段排放标准（草案）和美国环境保护署（EPA）三阶段 （Tier III）排放限值，给出了 WLTP 限值。 研究发现 WLTP 的开发过程科学、严谨，在综合各缔约国各自不同要求的情 况下做出了成功的工作，完成了测试工况。中国自主品牌车辆基本能够跟踪 WLTC 曲线，小排量、低功率车型跟踪曲线存在一定困难，而且排放超标严重，汽油车 突出表现在 CO 排放上，柴油车突出表现在 NOx 和 PM 排放上。与国五排放标准 相比，WLTP 进行了多方面的改善，同时提出了很多新的测试理念。样车行驶 WLTP 工况时排放均有不同程度的升高，汽油车突出表现在 CO 排放上，柴油车突出表现 在 NOx 排放上。按照里程加权各阶段油耗后，整个 WLTP 工况与 NEDC 相比，油 耗有一定差异。对于混合动力和纯电动汽车，WLTP 工况单位里程的耗电量高于 NEDC。WLTP 低速和中速阶段组成的城市工况，与我国城区工况有较好的相关性， WLTP 高速阶段与我国快速工况相关性很好。 关键词，WLTP；排放；油耗；权重系数Abstract II Abstract This paper studies the development process of test cycle and test procedure of WLTP. The key steps and the technical methods of the development process are summarized. The adaptability of WLTP test procedure is researched by selecting 10 small displacement, low power China's independent brand vehicles. The improvement and the new idea of the WLTP are summarized on the basis of the national emission standards V. The emission differences of the sample cars are studied in WLTP and national emission standards V, the sample cars include multipoint injection gasoline cars, direct injection gasoline cars and diesel cars. This paper selects the hybrid and pure electric vehicles to study the charge and discharge conditions under the WLTP and NEDC cycles. The difference of the cycles eigenvalue of WLTP, China and the United States are comparatively analyzed. By the eigenvalue analysis, combining with China country road conditions and vehicle usage, as well as referencing the experience of the United States, the weight coefficient of each stage cycles of WLTP are obtained. One American car and one European car are selected to study the emissions differences among the WLTP, NEDC and FTP-75 . With the reference of the EuropeVI, the national emission standards VI (draft) and EPA Tier III emission limits, the WLTP limits are given. The test results show that the development process of test cycle and test procedure of WLTP is scientific and rigorous. The project has completed the test condition and made a successful work with the combination of the states parties own different requirements. China's independent brand vehicles can track WLTP cycle basically, some small-displacement and low power vehicles have certain difficulty and severely exceed the emission standard. The CO emission of the gasoline cars and the NOx and the PM emission of the diesel cars are more serious. Compared with the national emission standards V, the WLTP has a lot of improvements, at the same time, the WLTP puts forward many new test concepts. The emissions of the sample vehicles are increased in various degrees under the WLTP. The CO emissions of the gasoline cars and the NOx emissions of the diesel cars are more serious. According to the mileage weighted calculation in different stages of the fuel consumption, compared the WLTPAbstract III with the NEDC, the fuel consumption have certain differences. For hybrid and pure electric vehicles, the specific power consumption of the WLTP is higher than the NEDC. The city driving cycle of the WLTP which consists of the low and medium speed stage is correlated with the China city driving cycle, the high speed stage of the WLTP has a good correlation on the China high speed driving cycle. Key words: WLTP; Emissions; Fuel consumption; Weight Coefficients目录 IV 目 录 第 1 章 引言 ................................................. 1 1.1 研究背景及意义......................................... 1 1.2 WLTP 测试工况研究 ...................................... 2 1.2.1 道路数据采集 ....................................... 2 1.2.2 数据处理及分析 ..................................... 3 1.2.3 各地区权重系数 ..................................... 6 1.2.4 WLTC 工况参数确定和完善 ............................ 7 1.3 WLTP 测试程序研究 .................................... 11 1.4 研究内容和报告结构.................................... 11 第 2 章 中国车辆对 WLTP 的适应性研究 ......................... 13 2.1 中国自主品牌车辆现状分析.............................. 13 2.2 自主品牌车辆对 WLTP 的适应性研究 ...................... 13 2.2.1 样车情况 .......................................... 13 2.2.2 样车跟线情况 ...................................... 14 2.2.3 样车排放情况 ...................................... 15 2.3 本章小结.............................................. 18 第 3 章 WLTP 与国五排放标准对比研究.......................... 19 3.1 WLTP 与国五排放标准测试程序对比研究 ................... 19 3.1.1 WLTP 测试规程的改善 ............................... 19 3.1.2 WLTP 提出的新理念 ................................. 19 3.2 内燃机车辆排放和油耗对比研究 ......................... 23 3.2.1 多点电喷汽油车排放对比 ............................ 24 3.2.2 缸内直喷汽油车排放对比 ............................ 26 3.2.3 柴油车排放对比 .................................... 29 3.2.4 样车油耗对比 ...................................... 31 3.3 混合动力及纯电动车辆充放电对比研究 ................... 33目录 V 3.3.1 混合动力车辆纯电动续驶里程对比 .................... 33 3.3.2 纯电动车辆纯电动续驶里程对比 ...................... 35 3.4 本章小结.............................................. 37 第 4 章 WLTP 各阶段工况权重系数及限值研究.................... 39 4.1 WLTP 各阶段工况权重系数研究 ........................... 39 4.1.1 WLTC 与国内主要工况对比分析 ....................... 39 4.1.2 WLTC 与美国 EPA 工况对比分析 ....................... 47 4.1.3 WLTC 各阶段工况权重系数建议 ....................... 55 4.2 WLTP 限值研究 ......................................... 55 4.2.1 WLTC 与 NEDC、FTP-75 排放值对比 .................... 55 4.2.2 欧洲、中国和美国 EPA 限值 .......................... 60 4.2.3 WLTP 限值建议 ..................................... 62 4.4 本章小结.............................................. 62 第 5 章 总结与展望 .......................................... 64 5.1 研究结论.............................................. 64 5.2 展望.................................................. 65