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保障性住房中推广装配式混凝土住宅的可行性研究报告

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随着我国市场经济的迅速发展,我国城市化水平逐步加快,导致商品房的 价格持续飙升。与此同时,各个地区的经济发展出现了不平衡的态势,导致了 大部分的中低收入人群无力承担日益飙升的房价,住房问题成为了制约我国健 康发展的重大民生问题。为解决这一问题,政府加大了对保障性住房建设的关 注,并且对保障性住房的综合质量提出了更高的要求。在未来几年的规划当中, 保障性住房的建设量都相当的巨大,已成为我国面临的艰巨任务,但与此同时 也为大力发展住宅工业化提供了难得的契机。 报告通过对发达国家与地区的保障性住房和工业化住宅发展历程进行了总 结与借鉴,阐述住宅工业化仍然是住宅发展中的必经之路。自我国住宅工业化 创立以来,政府提出了不同思路与策略,我国的住宅工业化历经了一个漫长而 又曲折的发展道路,与发达国家与地区的住宅工业化水平相比较,我国的住宅 工业化仍处于初期阶段,没有形成一个完善的住宅产业化机制。住宅工业化有 着多种结构体系,常见有混凝土结构,木质结构和钢结构三种。根据我国现阶 段的住宅发展阶段,装配式混凝土结构无疑是最适合的营建方式。 报告通过对保障性住房与装配式混凝土住宅各自优劣势之间相互促进的角 度来探讨在保障性住房中推广装配式混凝土住宅的可行性,并结合国内试点工 程深圳龙华区 0008 地块保障性住房项目,从平面设计方面、质量方面、施工周 期方面和造价方面进行了分析与总结。 本文客观地总结了保障性住房中推广装配式混凝土住宅的价值体现。在列 举实例和认真总结之后,强调保障性住房与装配式混凝土住宅相互促进的关系, 同时阐述其对我国住宅产业化进程的推动作用。将理论和实践技术有机的结合, 从我国的住宅发展的基本情况出发研究问题,进行系统总结与探讨,提倡新技 术、新能源的利用。表明住宅工业化是住宅发展的必经之路,是实现可持续化 发展战略的重要手段。 关键词 保障性住房;装配式混凝土住宅;住宅工业化;节能减排-II- Abstract With the rapid development of market economy, the pace of urbanization in China gradually speeds up. As a result, the prices of commercial housing keep soaring. At the same time, most of low and middle income group can't afford the houses due to the unbalanced economic development in different areas. Housing problem has become a significant problem which restricts the healthy development of China. In order to solve this problem, the Chinese government intensifies the construction of security housing and has brought up a higher request for the comprehensive quality of security housing. According to the planning of recent years, a huge amount of security housing will be built. This means an arduous challenge, as well as an opportunity to vigorously develop the housing industrialization. After learning and summarizing the development of the security housing and dwelling in developed districts and countries, this thesis elaborates that the housing industrialization is the only way in residential construction. In order to solve the housing problem, the government has brought up various thoughts and strategies since the inception of the housing industrialization in China. After a long and winding road of development, housing industrialization in China is still at an early stage compared with some developed districts and countries. There is no complete mechanism of housing industrialization yet. Housing industrialization contains many systems, in which concrete, wooden and steel structures are common. Considering the fact of being at the early stage, there is no doubt that precast concrete housing is the most appropriate construction mode. This thesis probes into the feasibility of popularizing the precast concrete housing in security housing from the perspective of their mutual promotion. The thesis analyzes and summarizes the security housing in domestic pilot project -- No. 0008, Longhua District, Shenzhen, from graphic design, quality, construction period and cost.- III - The thesis objectively summarizes the significance of popularizing precast concrete housing in security housing. In addition, pointed at the inexperienced promotion of precast concrete housing, the author does research on the feasibility of popularizing PC technology in the construction of security housing. After providing examples and conscientiously summing up, the author not only emphasizes the mutual promotion of security housing and precast concrete housing, but also explains its role in promoting the process of China's housing industrialization. Through the combination of theoretical and practical techniques, the thesis does research based on the basic situation of the housing problem in China. After discussing and summarizing in detail, the author promotes to make the most of new technology and new energy. This indicates that housing industrialization is the only way , which is an important way that can achieve sustainable development strategy, to develop housing. Keywords Security housing;Precast concrete housing;Housing industrialization; Energy saving and emission reduction-IV- 目录 摘要.............................................................................................................................. I 第 1 章 绪论........................................................................................................ - 1 - 1.1 课题研究的背景.......................................................................................... - 1 - 1.2 课题研究目的与意义.................................................................................. - 1 - 1.2.1 研究的目的........................................................................................... - 1 - 1.2.2 研究的意义........................................................................................... - 3 - 1.3 国内外在该方向的研究现状及分析.......................................................... - 4 - 1.3.1 国外在工业化体系下的保障房建设现状及分析............................... - 4 - 1.3.2 国内在工业化体系下的保障房建设现状及分析............................... - 5 - 1.4 课题的主要研究内容及方法...................................................................... - 6 - 1.4.1 研究的主要内容................................................................................... - 6 - 1.4.2 研究的主要方法................................................................................... - 6 - 1.4.3 课题研究的基本框架........................................................................... - 8 - 第 2 章 保障性住房相关概念及国内外发展历程............................................ - 9 - 2.1 保障性住房相关概念.................................................................................. - 9 - 2.1.1 住房保障制度....................................................................................... - 9 - 2.1.2 社会保障性住房................................................................................... - 9 - 2.1.3 保障性住房的适用人群......................................................................- 11 - 2.2 发达国家及地区的保障房发展历程与借鉴............................................ - 12 - 2.2.1 发达国家及地区的住房保障制度产生与发展................................. - 12 - 2.2.2 发达国家及地区住房保障制度对我国的启示作用......................... - 14 - 2.3 国内社会保障性住房事业发展历程........................................................ - 15 - 2.4 小结............................................................................................................ - 17 - 第 3 章 装配式住宅相关概念及国内外发展历程.......................................... - 18 - 3.1 装配式住宅相关概念................................................................................ - 18 - 3.1.1 建筑工业化......................................................................................... - 18 --V- 3.1.2 住宅工业化......................................................................................... - 18 - 3.1.3 预制装配式住宅................................................................................. - 18 - 3.1.4 装配式混凝土住宅............................................................................. - 19 - 3.1.5 建筑体系............................................................................................. - 19 - 3.2 国外住宅工业化发展阶段与经验............................................................ - 20 - 3.2.1 欧洲..................................................................................................... - 20 - 3.2.2 美国..................................................................................................... - 21 - 3.2.3 日本..................................................................................................... - 22 - 3.3 我国住宅工业化概况................................................................................ - 23 - 3.3.1 我国住宅工业化发展历程................................................................. - 23 - 3.3.2 我国住宅工业化主要存在的问题..................................................... - 24 - 3.3.3 适合保障性住房的工业化结构体系选择......................................... - 25 - 3.4 小结............................................................................................................ - 27 - 第 4 章 保障性住房与装配式混凝土住宅优劣性分析.................................. - 28 - 4.1 建筑设计方面............................................................................................ - 28 - 4.1.1 工业化住宅设计的基本方法............................................................. - 28 - 4.1.2 我国装配式住宅设计现状................................................................. - 34 - 4.1.3 我国保障性住房平面设计现状......................................................... - 36 - 4.1.4 采用工业化设计方法的保障性住房案例分析 ................................ - 36 - 4.2 建筑质量方面............................................................................................ - 41 - 4.2.1 保障性住房存在的质量问题............................................................. - 41 - 4.2.2 装配式混凝土住宅的质量优势.......................................................... - 42 - 4.3 建筑施工周期方面..................................................................................... - 48 - 4.3.1 保障性住房需求迫切.......................................................................... - 48 - 4.3.2 装配式住宅建设的速度优势.............................................................. - 49 - 4.4 建筑项目造价方面..................................................................................... - 51 - 4.4.1 现阶段采用 PC 技术建造方式造价情况........................................... - 51 - 4.4.2 政府投资与政策扶持.......................................................................... - 52 - 4.5 小结............................................................................................................. - 53 --VI- 第 5 章 保障性住房中推广装配式混凝土住宅的价值体现 ......................... - 54 - 5.1 政府投资试点项目起到积极示范作用..................................................... - 54 - 5.1.1 政府投资的职能.................................................................................. - 54 - 5.1.2 以香港公屋为例谈政府的积极带动作用.......................................... - 55 - 5.2 推动生产方式与大众观念的转变............................................................. - 57 - 5.2.1 粗放型向集约型的转变...................................................................... - 57 - 5.2.2 对装配式混凝土住宅质量的肯定...................................................... - 58 - 5.2.3 科技创新成为住宅品质的另一主导因素.......................................... - 59 - 5.3 有效的落实节能环保政策......................................................................... - 61 - 5.3.1 节省施工辅助材料的消耗.................................................................. - 62 - 5.3.2 改善施工现场环境.............................................................................. - 63 - 5.3.3 引导住宅全生命周期居住理念.......................................................... - 65 - 5.4 有效的推动住宅部品的产业化................................................................. - 65 - 5.4.1 住宅部品的产业化涵义及内容.......................................................... - 66 - 5.4.2 探索住宅部品的产业化的发展策略.................................................. - 69 - 5.5 小结............................................................................................................. - 71 - 结论....................................................................................................................... - 72 -