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MBA毕业论文_现金贷发展存在的问题及对策建议DOC

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在互联网科技大数据与人工智能技术快速发展、金融政策严监管 P2P 网贷转型的 背景下,现金贷在 2015 年下半年进入我国互联网金融市场。现金贷产品能够解决个别 人群的信贷需求,尤其是一些未受到传统金融机构覆盖的低收入人群,在一定程度上弥 补了银行等传统金融机构未关注到的小额短期贷款市场空白,对我国普惠金融的发展起 到了不可忽略的作用。但在互联网“快速做大规模”思维的推动下,现金贷行业发展非 常迅速,加上监管政策的落后,许多现金贷机构开始不断降低风控标准,甚至出现零风 控放款现金贷平台。从而引发畸高利率(指实际年化利率超过 36%)、多头借贷、暴力 催收等社会问题。 以上问题相继引发社会舆论,加之依靠现金贷发家致富的趣店上市后其 CEO 罗敏 高调发言,引发了政府部门对现金贷监管的重视,随后,监管部门发布了许多文件以控 制现金贷风险。其中,《关于规范整顿“现金贷”业务的通知》(以下简称“通知”) 这一监管文件从行业准入、贷款用途、利率水平、资金来源、消费者保护等方面对现金 贷业务做出了较全面的规定。 随着网贷行业监管政策的出台,我国现金贷平台经营逐步走向规范化,然而,也有 不少平台在严监管环境下相继垮台。基于此,本文收集了 24 家现金贷平台的数据,建 立面板数据模型研究了银行存管、资金分散度、资金流动性、风险准备金与第三方担保 等监管政策对我国现金贷平台风险承担能力的影响。结果表明,平台实行银行资金存管 以及分散借款能够有效降低现金贷行业不良贷款率;平台采取风险准备金、第三方担保 等资金保障方式对于现金贷风险没有明显影响。 本文最后提出以下几点完善我国现金贷监管的建议,(1)加快推进资金安全建设, 实施银行资金存管;(2)加强监督资金分散度,建立资金分散标准;(3)合理分配资 产负债,增强资金流动性;(4)加强现金贷行业合规性及信息披露;(5)建立网络贷 款行业信息库及黑名单,对现金贷客户进行分级管理。 关键词,现金贷;面板数据;现金贷监管现金贷发展存在的问题及监管建议---基于 24 家现金贷平台面板数据的实证 II abstract Under the background of the rapid development of Internet technology and artificial intelligence technology, and the transformation of P2P Internet lending under the strict supervision of financial policy, payday loan entered the Internet financial market in China in the second half of 2015. Cash loan products can meet the credit needs of individual groups, especially those low-income people who are not covered by traditional financial institutions. To a certain extent, they make up for the gaps in the short-term micro-loan market that banks and other traditional financial institutions have not paid attention to, and play an important role in the development of Inclusive Finance in China. However, driven by the thinking of rapid and large-scale on the Internet, the cash lending industry has developed very rapidly. With the backward regulatory policies, many cash lending institutions have begun to reduce the wind control standards, and even a zero-wind control lending cash lending platform has emerged. As a result, social problems such as abnormally high interest rates (i.e., the actual annualized interest rate is over 36%), long-term borrowing, violent collection and so on have arisen. These issues have triggered public opinion, together with the high-profile speech by Luo Min, CEO of the interesting stores that rely on cash lenders to become rich, which has aroused the attention of government departments to the supervision of cash loans. Subsequently, the regulatory authorities issued many documents to control the risk of cash loans. Among them, Notice on Regulating and Rectifying Cash Loan business (hereinafter referred to as Notice) this regulatory document has made more comprehensive provisions on cash loan business from the aspects of industry access, loan use, interest rate level, source of funds, consumer protection, etc. With the introduction of regulatory policies for the online lending industry, the operation of cash lending platforms in China has gradually become standardized. However, many platforms have collapsed under the strict regulatory environment. Based on this, this paper collects data from 24 cash lending platforms and establishes a panel data model to study the impact of regulatory policies such as bank deposit, capital dispersion, liquidity, risk reserve and third-party guarantee on risk-taking ability of cash lending platforms in China. The results show that the non-performing loan rate of the cash lending industry can be effectively reduced by the implementation of bank fund deposit and decentralized borrowing on the platform; the risk reserve and third-party guarantee on the platform have no significant impact on the risk of cash lending. Finally, this paper puts forward the following suggestions to improve the supervision of cash loans in China: (1) speed up the construction of capital security and implement bank西华大学硕士学位论文 III fund deposit; (2) strengthen supervision of capital dispersion and establish the standard of capital dispersion; (3) rationally distribute assets and liabilities and enhance the liquidity of funds; (4) strengthen the compliance and information disclosure of the cash loan industry; (5) establish the credit of the network loan industry. Interest repository and blacklist, and classified management of cash loan customers. Key words: payday loan; panel data; supervision of payday loan现金贷发展存在的问题及监管建议---基于 24 家现金贷平台面板数据的实证 IV 目录 摘要............................................................................................................................................I Abstract ..................................................................................................................................... II 1 绪论......................................................................................................................................... 1 1.1 研究背景及意义.......................................................................................................... 1 1.1.1 研究背景........................................................................................................... 1 1.1.2 研究意义 .......................................................................................................... 1 1.2 研究内容...................................................................................................................... 2 1.3 研究方法...................................................................................................................... 3 1.4 创新点与不足.............................................................................................................. 4 2 文献综述................................................................................................................................. 5 2.1 现金贷研究综述.......................................................................................................... 5 2.1.1 现金贷的特点与利弊争议............................................................................... 5 2.1.2 现金贷行业存在的问题研究综述 .................................................................. 5 2.1.3 现金贷监管的相关研究 .................................................................................. 6 2.2 消费金融风险防范与互联网金融风险监管研究综述.............................................. 6 2.2.1 消费金融风险防范研究................................................................................... 7 2.2.2 互联网金融风险监管研究 .............................................................................. 7 2.3 综述总结...................................................................................................................... 8 3 现金贷概述............................................................................................................................. 9 3.1 现金贷的内涵界定...................................................................................................... 9 3.2 现金贷的历史沿革.................................................................................................... 11西华大学硕士学位论文 V 3.2.1 现金贷的兴起 ................................................................................................ 11 3.2.2 我国现金贷的发展及分类 ............................................................................ 11 3.2.3 我国现金贷的发展现状 ................................................................................ 13 3.3 我国现金贷在发展中存在的主要问题.................................................................... 16 3.3.1 利率畸高,突破法律防线 ............................................................................ 16 3.3.2 多头借贷,恶性循环 .................................................................................... 16 3.3.3 风控不足,暴力催收 .................................................................................... 17 3.4 现金贷的风险............................................................................................................ 17 3.4.1 信用风险及其成因 ........................................................................................ 17 3.4.2 操作与技术风险及其成因 ............................................................................ 18 3.4.3 市场风险及其成因 ........................................................................................ 19 3.4.4 监管与法律风险及其成因 ............................................................................ 19 4 国际现金贷监管以及我国现金贷监管现状....................................................................... 21 4.1 现金贷监管的国际经验............................................................................................ 21 4.1.1 国际现金贷监管法规 .................................................................................... 21 4.1.2 国际现金贷监管具体要求 ............................................................................ 21 4.2 我国现金贷监管现状................................................................................................ 27 5 关于现金贷当前监管政策实效的实证分析....................................................................... 28 5.1 研究方法和样本........................................................................................................ 28 5.1.1 样本数据 ........................................................................................................ 28 5.1.2 变量选择与定义 ............................................................................................ 29 5.1.3 模型构建 ........................................................................................................ 30现金贷发展存在的问题及监管建议---基于 24 家现金贷平台面板数据的实证 VI 5.2 数据描述与实证分析................................................................................................ 30 5.2.1 变量描述性统计 ............................................................................................ 30 5.2.2 回归分析 ........................................................................................................ 31 5.3 实证结论.................................................................................................................... 32 6 监管建议与展望................................................................................................................... 34 6.1 监管建议.................................................................................................................... 34 6.1.1 加快推进资金安全建设,实施银行资金监管 ............................................ 34 6.1.2 加强监督资金分散度,建立资金分散标准 ................................................ 35 6.1.3 合理分配资产负债,增强资金流动性 ........................................................ 35 6.1.4 加强现金贷行业合规性及信息披露 ............................................................ 36 6.1.5 建立网络贷款行业信息库及黑名单,对现金贷客户进行分级管理 ........ 37 6.2 展望............................................................................................................................ 37