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昆明市机场航站楼自然通风可行性研究报告DOC

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摘要 日渐深入的可持续发展观念,把世界的目光更多地汇聚在能源和环境的 相关领域。暖通空调系统就是其中一例。是否节能已经成为衡量暖通空调系 统优劣的一个重要指标。随着降低建筑能耗方面研究的日益成熟和突破空间 的日渐变小,自然通风这种被动的冷却方式越来越受到暖通空调研究人员的 青睐。 报告在学习国内外自然通风理论方面的研究和实际工程应用的基础上, 提出了本课题研究的建筑模型。采用区域模型(通过 Energy Plus 模拟),分析 了建筑结构本身的某些特性对自然通风室内热环境的影响,得出了幕墙形式 影响较大,而开口位置的微小变化、内外层玻璃类型的变化和层间有无遮阳 影响甚微的结论。同时通过选取不同的控制参数,确保了对自然通风的有效 利用。随后本文分析了室外噪声和空气质量对自然通风的影响,通过等效消 声处理和对风道阻力的分析,确定了考虑噪声影响的通风系统;然而空气处 理系统的巨大阻力限制了自然通风的应用,本文提出了机械排风辅助的自然 通风方式,并通过 Energy Plus 模拟进行了验证。 在整体模拟确定的模型基础上,采用 Fluent 软件对室内外速度场和温 度场作了进一步的分析。分别模拟了完全自然通风时室外风场、室内速度场 和温度场的分布情况以及机械辅助自然通风系统的室内温度和速度的分布, 验证了系统满足室内的热舒适性。 最后,结合 Energy Plus 计算得到的系统全年能耗,对比了机械辅助自 然通风与机械通风和 VAV 空调系统的节能情况。 关键词 自然通风;机械辅助自然通风;机场噪声评价;能耗分析;可行 性研究 - I -哈尔滨工业大学工学硕士学位报告 Abstract While the concept of sustainability rushes into every aspect of our lives, more attentions have been attached to the fields in relation to the energy and environment including HVAC. Whether conserves energy has become an important guideline to evaluate HVAC system. Along with the research on building energy consumption being more and more mature and the breakthrough space gradually becoming slight, natural ventilation, this passive cooling method, more and more receives the air-conditioning researcher's favor. Based on studying the domestic and foreign theory research and actual project application of natural ventilation, the author proposes the research construction model. Using the Zonal model (simulating with Energy Plus), the effect of some construction structure characteristics to the thermal environment has been analyzed, then we know that the effect of curtain wall form is bigger, slightly changing the position of opening, changing the glass type of outer layer with inter layer and installing shading device between the two layers can not change the indoor air temperature markedly. Meanwhile by selecting different controlled parameters, the effective applying method has been determined. Afterwards, this article has analyzed the influence of outside noise and air quality to natural ventilation. By equivalent noise elimination processing and analyzing the air flow resistance, mechanical assistant natural ventilation is proposed, and confirmed by Energy Plus simulating. After predicting with Zonal model, the velocity field and the temperature field of the building have been analyzed further through using software, Fluent. The outside wind field and the room the velocity field and the temperature field have been simulated separately when complete natural ventilation is applied. And the indoor air temperature and air distribution in mechanical assistant natural ventilation have also been predicted. The system is confirmed to satisfy the indoor thermal comfortableness. Finally, according to the annual energy consumption of the system calculated by Energy Plus, energy conservation situation of mechanical assistant natural ventilation, mechanical ventilation and the VAV air-conditioning system have - II -Abstract been contrasted. Keywords natural ventilation; mechanical assistant natural ventilation; airport noise assessment; energy consumption analysis; feasibility study - III -哈尔滨工业大学工学硕士学位报告 目录 摘要 ...................................................................................................................... I Abstract ................................................................................................................ II 第 1 章 绪论.........................................................................................................1 1.1 课题背景 ....................................................................................................1 1.2 国内外研究现状及分析 ............................................................................3 1.2.1 自然通风潜力的分析 .........................................................................3 1.2.2 自然通风的研究应用现状..................................................................4 1.3 本课题主要研究内容 ................................................................................8 第 2 章 建筑模型及相关参数的确定..................................................................9 2.1 引言 ............................................................................................................9 2.2 建筑体形及围护结构相关参数的介绍 .....................................................9 2.3 室外气象参数的确定 ..............................................................................10 2.4 室内相关参数的确定 ..............................................................................11 2.4.1 人员负荷 ...........................................................................................11 2.4.2 灯光设备负荷 ...................................................................................12 2.4.3 时间因素影响的介绍 .......................................................................12 2.4.4 室内气流预测模型的确定................................................................12 2.4.5 热舒适评价模型的确定....................................................................13 2.5 本章小结 ..................................................................................................15 第 3 章 建筑本身特性的确定及室内气流预测................................................16 3.1 引言 ..........................................................................................................16 3.2 室内热舒适状况整体分析.......................................................................16 3.2.1 幕墙形式对热舒适的影响................................................................17 3.2.2 开口位置以及内外层玻璃结构对室内热环境的影响.....................21 3.2.3 遮阳状况对室内热环境的影响 ........................................................23 3.2.4 控制策略的确定 ...............................................................................24 3.3 室内气流组织的CFD模型预测 ...............................................................26 3.3.1 建筑表面风压的数值模拟................................................................26 3.3.2 室内气流分布预测 ...........................................................................31 -I V-目录 3.4 本章小结 ..................................................................................................34 第 4 章 室外环境影响分析及相应系统的确定................................................35 4.1 噪声问题的分析与解决 ..........................................................................35 4.1.1 机场周围噪声评价体系的介绍 ........................................................35 4.1.2 机场噪声的预测 ...............................................................................38 4.1.3 消声处理 ...........................................................................................41 4.2 空气品质的分析 ......................................................................................46 4.3 室外环境因素对通风系统的影响 ...........................................................47 4.3.1 风道阻力分析 ...................................................................................48 4.3.2 速度修正后室内热环境分析 ............................................................52 4.3.3 系统形式的确定 ...............................................................................53 4.4 本章小节 ..................................................................................................59 第 5 章 全年能耗分析与节能比较....................................................................60 5.1 相关参数的确定 ......................................................................................60 5.1.1 通风参数的确定 ...............................................................................61 5.1.2 VAV空调系统参数的确定 .................................................................61 5.2 各系统全年能耗计算与节能比较 ...........................................................66 5.2.1 机械辅助自然通风全年能耗计算 ....................................................66 5.2.2 机械通风全年能耗计算....................................................................67 5.2.3 VAV空调系统全年能耗计算 .............................................................67 5.2.4 计算结果分析 ...................................................................................68 5.3 本章小结 ..................................................................................................69 结论.....................................................................................................................70