随着轨道结构的不断发展，钢轨的材质、焊接质量及铺设工艺的不断提高，国内外 对于特殊地区铺设无缝线路的研究不断深入，铺设范围不断扩大，尤其是在高寒地区铺 设无缝线路也得到了极大 发展。跨区间无缝线路将多个区间的无缝线路连接到一起，大 大提高了铁路线路的运营水平，在降低线路养护维修工作人员工作了的基础上，减少了 养护维修成本。经过多年的研究与实践，国内外对于跨区间无缝线路的设 计、铺设及养 护维修理论已趋于成熟，并在不断发展。 近几年，青藏铁路非常年冻土区已逐步完成全区间无缝线路的换铺工作，有效地提 高了线路的运营质量，目前在常年冻土区也有部分试验段开始铺设，可以说，随着全 区 间无缝线路的铺设成功，下一步的跨区间无缝线路的铺设也会成为必然。但青藏铁路设 计之初采用P50钢轨，道岔也是采用P50道岔，由于受各类条件限制，换铺过程中仅是区 间更换P60钢轨，道岔还是采用P50道岔，中间 用异型轨连接。后期是考虑直接与P50道 岔焊连还是更换P60道岔再焊接还需要进一步结合青藏铁路的实际情况具体分析研究。 本文基于青藏铁路换铺无缝线路工程对青藏铁路铺设跨区间无缝线路无缝道岔的 可行性进行研究 ，主要进行了以下几方面研究工作， (1) 在详细介绍了国内外较为常用的几种无缝道岔计算理论，对各自所采用的计算 模型及原理进行简要分析的基础上，针对报告研究的青藏铁路格拉段铺设无缝道岔的可 行性，提出两种 解决方案。选定较为成熟简易的当量阻力法，对所选方案的无缝道岔进 行检算分析。 (2) 研究青藏铁路格拉段不更换P50道岔铺设跨区间无缝线路的可行性问题 选择青藏铁路格拉段代表性的安多车站，以其铺设条件，选用 成熟的模型分析12号 P50道岔与P60钢轨焊连时的各部件温度力图及位移情况，研究异型轨连接处的温度力变 化情况，从位移、力学强度及稳定性方面对铺设无缝道岔的可行性进行研究。 (3) 研究青藏铁路格拉段更换P60道 岔铺设跨区间无缝线路的可行性问题 同样采用成熟的模型分析12号P60道岔与P60钢轨焊连时的各部件温度力图及位移 情况，并与前述方案进行比较分析，得出综合的对比指标，从铺设、养护等不同方面来 分析其优劣性，提 出最佳换铺方案。 (4) 研究无缝道岔换铺自动设计系统 考虑高原缺氧带来外业勘测难度增加问题，以既有设计资料为基础，在熟悉道岔结 构及最新道岔表的基础上，利用VBA对CAD进行二次开发，研究无缝道岔换铺自动设计 系青藏铁路铺设无缝道岔的可行性研究 II 统。该系统可针对各种工况，尤其是可实现不同类型的道岔更换过程中参数化的绘制单 开道岔，并实现道岔附带曲线的自动计算，从而达到无缝道岔自动配置的目的。 关键词，青 藏铁路；无缝线路；无缝道岔；可行性方案；自动配轨系统；应力放散 报告类型，应用研究兰州交通大学工程硕士报告 III Abstract With the continuous development of the track structure, and the improvement of the rail material, welding and laying technologies and quality, the research on laying CWR in special area at home and abroad is unceasingly thorough, the laying scope is expanding, what’s more, technologies of laying CWR in the alpine region have got a great development. In recent years, the task of laying CWR has been gradually completed in the un-permafrost areas of Qinghai Tibet Railway, which has greatly improved the line operation quality. And at present there are test sections in the permafrost areas. It is true that with the success of laying CWR, laying CWR with welded turnout will become inevitable. But the rails and turnouts in Qinghai Tibet Railway are all 50kg/m at first, it still use the 50kg/m turnout when laying CWR, and take the profiled rail to connect with 60kg/m rail. It needs specific analysis and research with the actual situation whether replace the 60kg/m turnout or not. The paper researched the feasibility of laying welded turnout in Qinghai-Tibet Railway based on the laying CWR project in Qinghai-Tibet Railway, and mainly took the following research work. (1) Introduce in detail the theoretical calculations of welded turnout that are commonly used, based on the analysis of whose calculation model and principle, research the feasibility of laying welded turnout in Qinghai-Tibet Railway, and put forward two solutions. Select the mature and simple equivalent resistance method to calculate and analyze the condition of welded turnout in different scheme. (2) Feasibility of laying cross interval-CWR under the condition of not replacing the 50kg/m turnout Take the representative Amdo station as target, based on its laying condition, select mature model and analyze the temperature stress and displacement of the turnout component when welding the 50kg/m turnout with 60kg/m rail, and the temperature stress of profiled rail, research the feasibility of laying welded turnout from displacement, mechanical strength and stability. (3) Feasibility of laying cross interval-CWR under the condition of replacing the 60kg/m turnout Use the same mature model, analyze the temperature stress and displacement of the turnout component when the 60kg/m turnout with 60kg/m rail. Compared with another scheme, analyze both advantages and disadvantages from laying and maintenance, etc., put forward the best laying scheme. (4) Automatic design system of laying welded turnout青藏铁路铺设无缝道岔的可行性研究 IV Considering the increased difficulty of outside industry survey caused by the high altitude hypoxia, based on the existing design data and the familiar with the turnout structure and new turnout table, redevelop the CAD with VBA, research the automatic design system of laying welded turnout, Which can parametrically draw the turnout, against the various engineering conditions, and automatically calculate the curve after turnout, so as to achieve the purpose of turnout automatic configuration. Keywords: Continuous Welded Railway (CWR); Welded Turnout; Feasible Scheme; Rail Automatic distribution system; Stress Relief Paper type: Applied Research兰州交通大 学工程硕士报告 V 目 录 摘要.....................................................................I Abstract................................................................ III 1 绪 论............................................................... - 1 - 1.1 研究背景 ....................................................... - 1 - 1.2 青藏铁路格拉段概况 ............................................. - 2 - 1.2.1 线路概况 ................................................ - 2 - 1.2.2 气温条件 ................................................ - 2 - 1.2.3 沿线海拔情况 ............................................ - 3 - 1.3 报告主要研究内容............................................... - 4 - 1.4 报告主要研究思路 .............................................. - 5 - 2 无缝道岔计算理论的研究.............................................. - 6 - 2.1 无缝道岔计算理论概述 .......................................... - 6 - 2.1.1 “两轨相互作用原理” ....................................- 6 - 2.1.2 阻力当量法 .............................................. - 7 - 2.1.3 二次松弛法 .............................................. - 8 - 2.1.4 两轨相互作用法 .......................................... - 8 - 2.1.5 解析法 .................................................. - 9 - 2.1.6 广义变分法 ............................................. - 10 - 2.1.7 无缝道岔的有限单元法计算理论 ............................ - 11 - 2.2 青藏铁路无缝道岔的铺设方案 ................................... - 12 - 2.3 无缝道岔的相关计算参数 ....................................... - 14 - 2.4 无缝道岔计算理论 ............................................. - 16 - 2.4.1 无缝道岔里轨伸缩位移的计算 ............................. - 16 - 2.4.2 无缝道岔基本轨附加温度力的计算 ......................... - 18 - 2.5 本章小结 ..................................................... - 23 - 3 可行性方案分析..................................................... - 24 - 3.1 不更换 P50 道岔进行跨区间无缝线路铺设 ......................... - 24 - 3.1.1 道岔里轨伸缩区长度、位移的计算 ......................... - 24 - 3.1.2 基本轨附加温度力计算 ................................... - 26 - 3.1.3 强度检算 ............................................... - 27 - 3.1.4 稳定性检算 ............................................. - 29 -青藏铁路铺设无缝道岔的可行性研究 VI 3.2 更换 P60 道岔进行跨区间无缝线路铺 设 ........................... - 31 - 3.2.1 道岔里轨伸缩区长度及伸缩位移计算 ....................... - 31 - 3.2.2 强度检算 ............................................... - 32 - 3.2.3 稳定性检算 ............................................. - 34 - 3.3 有限单元法分析 ............................................... - 35 - 3.3.1 方案 1 分析 ............................................. - 35 - 3.3.2 方案 2 分析 ............................................. - 37 - 3.4 本章小结 ..................................................... - 38 - 4 无缝道岔自动配轨系统的研 究......................................... - 40 - 4.1 道岔绘制的主要理论研究 ....................................... - 40 - 4.1.1 研究背景 ............................................... - 40 - 4.1.2 道岔布置 ............................................... - 41 - 4.1.3 岔后附带曲线 ........................................... - 42 - 4.1.4 基于 VBA 的 AutoCAD 二次开发 ............................. - 43 - 4.2 绘制步骤 ..................................................... - 43 - 4.2.1 参数计算 ............................................... - 44 - 4.2.2 设计思路 ............................................... - 45 - 4.2.3 建立可视化窗口 ......................................... - 46 - 4.3 绘制结果 ..................................................... - 47 - 4.4 本章小结 ..................................................... - 49 - 5 青藏铁路地区无缝道岔的养护维修建议................................. - 50 - 5.1 问题提出 ..................................................... - 50 - 5.2 无缝道岔的养护维修 ........................................... - 51 - 5.2.1 设置位移观测桩 ......................................... - 51 - 5.2.2 加强无缝道岔的巡查 ..................................... - 53 - 5.2.3 应力放散 ............................................... - 53 - 5.3 本章小结 ..................................................... - 54 - 6 结论与展望......................................................... - 55 - 6.1 结 论.......................................................... - 55 - 6.2 展望.......................................................... - 56 - 致 谢.............................................................- 57 -